80 years ago, two biologists in the USSR, simultaneously and independently, began researching the mechanisms of hormone production by nerve cells, i.e., the processes of neurosecretion. These were L.B. Levinson from Moscow State University, who was engaged in cytochemical studies of neurosecretion in insects and amphibians, and N.L. Gerbilsky from Leningrad State University (LSU), who studied the structure of two parts of the fish brain (hypothalamus and pituitary gland), and the functions of their hormones (neurohormones) to regulate the processes of vital activity of the body and its adaptation to changing environmental conditions. This fundamental research area worked alongside major foreign scientific schools of neuroendocrinology, E. and B. Sharer, R. Collin, R. Gauppa, B. Hanstra, G. Russi, and M. Mosinger. The work was also of applied importance, in particular, under the leadership of N.L. Gerbilsky, the role of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones in migration and spawning processes in bony and sturgeon fish, who were threatened with extinction due to the start of the construction of hydroelectric power plants in the 1920–1930s. This scientific field has revealed the relationship between the morphofunctional organization of the nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems in animals and ecological features of their species and was called “ecological histophysiology”. The result of N.L. Gerbilsky’s research was the development of a technique for obtaining hormones produced in the fish brain and then injecting them to other individuals to stimulate their reproductive processes in the practice of fish farming. The purpose of this article is to show the contribution of N.L. Gerbilsky and his students to the development of biotechnical methods for managing migration behavior and spawning in bony and sturgeon fish species.