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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 2
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 2

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DOI

10.29003/m4690.0514-7468.2020_47_2/215-229

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Authors:

Bashkin, V.N., Vasilieva, G.K.

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Keywords:

coal dumps, Donbas, reclamation, sorbents, biogeochemical technology.

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Bashkin V.N., Vasilieva G.K., “Reclamation of Donbas coal dump sites using biogeochemical technology”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 2, 215–229 (2025) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m4690.0514-7468.2020_47_2/215-229.

Reclamation of Donbas coal dump sites using biogeochemical technology

Due to the large volume of coal mining in the Russian Federation and other countries, there is a serious issue of the formation of waste heaps from coal dumps, which pose a significant threat to the environment of adjacent territories. One of such areas is the Donetsk coal basin, whose area is more than 60 thousand km2. Phytoreclamation is the most common and cost-effective method recommended for the restoration of degraded coal dump soil, which reduces the removal of toxic substances with dust emissions and water runoff. However, plant growth on these soils is hindered by their phytotoxicity and unfavorable physical and physicochemical properties. The aim of this research was to develop a biogeochemical technology for the reclamation of coal dumps in Donbas based on phytoreclamation with various additives. Our experiments involved soil samples taken from the upper layer of the Ayutinskaya mine waste heap in the Donetsk coal basin, as well as zonal ordinary chernozem samples. The experiments were conducted in microfield conditions in bottomless vessels with an area of 0.1 m2 dug into the ground. The additives used were wood biochar and other sorbents, including mineral (diatomite and vermiculite) and organic (acidic and neutralized peat) ones, as well as ordinary chernozem and quarry sand – clean and with biohumus additives. The soil was seeded with a drought-resistant lawn mixture. All additives had a positive effect on the growth of green mass of drought-resistant lawn, measured during 3 cuttings ib the vegetation season of 2024. However, the best results were obtained with the addition of neutralized peat and chernozem at doses of 25 %, as well as quarry sand at doses of 25 and 50 % with the addition of biohumus; at the same time, the additional addition of 5 % biochar to all these samples gave no desired result.

Список литературы

  1. Alexeyeva, T.P., Burmistrova, T.I., Sysoeva, L.N., Trunova, N.M., Seredina, V.P., “Technology of reclamation of coal dump soils using peat preparations”, Ecologija I promishlennost Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia] 20 (11), 39–43 (2016) (in Russian).
  2. Bauer, T.V., Barakhov, A.V., Minkina, T.M., Latsynnik, E.S., “Assessment of the degree of soil pollution in technogenic landscapes in the zone of influence of coal mine waste heaps in the Rostov Region”, Proc. of the Intern. Sci. and Practical Conf. “The Fifth Landscape and Ecological Readings Dedi­cated to G.E. Grishankov “Nature and Society: Integration Processes” (Sevastopol, 2022) (in Russian).
  3. Burachevskaya, M.V., Minkina, T.M., Bauer, T.V., Lobzenko, I.P., Severina, V.I., “Effect of biochar from agricultural waste on changes in soil pH during absorption of heavy metals”, Actualnaja biotehnologija [Actual biotechnology] 1 (35), 208 (2022) (in Russian).
  4. Kizilov, O.A., Baykin, Yu.L., Ovchinnikov, P.Yu., “Use of mineral sorbents for soil contamination with heavy metals”, Vestnik biotehnologii [Bull. of biotechnology] 1 (11), 16–18 (2017) (in Russian).
  5. Krupskaya, L.T., Golubev, D.A., Rastanina, N.K., Filatova, M.Yu., “Reclamation of the surface of the tailings dump of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky Krai using bioremediation”, Gornij informatsionno-analiticheskij bulleten [Mining information and analytical bull] 9, 138–148 (2019) (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2019-09-0-138-148.
  6. Minkina, T.M., Minin, N.S., Kolesnikov, S.I., Gorovtsov, A.V., Chistyakov, V.A., “Assessment of the phytotoxicity of ordinary chernozem using Bacillus sp. and biochar to stimulate the decomposition of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop residues”, Agrohimija [Agrochemistry] 5, 60–69 (2023) (in Russian).
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  8. Petunkina, L.O., Zaushintsena, A.V., Shatilov, D.I., “Optimal ratios of reclamation agents for targeted use at a coal mining enterprise”, Environ. problems of industrially developed and resource regions: solutions. Proceedings of the All-Russian youth sci. and practical conf. (Kemerovo: Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, 2016) (in Russian).
  9. Popova, Yu.A., “Detoxification of anthropogenically loaded territories contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, with subsequent use for construction”, PhD thesis abstract (Rostov-on-Don, 2006) (in Russian).
  10. Pulikova, E.P., Gorovtsov, A.V., Nevidomskaya, D.G., Kazaryan, K.A., Minkina, T.M., “Influence of chelating agents on denitrification processes in soils of steppe landscapes of coal mining areas of the eastern Donbas”, Monitoring, protection and restoration of soil ecosystems under anthropogenic load. Proc. of the International Youth Sci. School (Rostov-on-Don–Taganrog, 2022) (in Russian).
  11. Adnan, M., Shah, Z., Sharif, M., Rahman, H., “Liming induces carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in PSB inoculated alkaline soil supplemented with different phosphorus sources”, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 9501–9509 (2018).
  12. Amonette, J.E., Jospeh, S., “Characteristics of biochar: microchemical properties”, Biochar for Environ. Management Sci. and Technology (London: Earthscan, 2009).
  13. Bauer, T., Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Burachevskaya, M., Zharkova, M., “Biochar application to detoxification of the heavy metal-contaminated fluvisols”, Environ. Science Chemistry, Materials Science. Published in E3S Web of Conferences 1. February 2020. DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/202017509009.
  14. Bech, J., Duran, P., Roca, N., Poma, W., Sánchez, I., Roca-Pérez, L., Boluda, R., Barceló, J., Poschenrieder, C., “Accumulation of Pb and Zn in Bidens triplinervia and Senecio sp. spontaneous species from mine spoils in Peru and their potential use in phytoremediation”, J. Geochem. Explor. 123, 109–113 (2012).
  15. Benoit, P., “Energy and development in a changing world: a framework for the 21st century”, Center of Global Energy Policy at Columbia (https://www. energypolicy.columbia.edu/).
  16. Chandra, S., Medha, I., Tiwari, A.K., “The role of modified biochar for the remediation of coal mining-impacted contaminated soil: a review”, Sustainability 15, 3973 (2023). DOI: 10.3390/su15053973.
  17. Drozdova, M.Yu., Pozdnyakova, A.V., Osintseva, M.A., Burova, N.V., Minina, V.I., “The microorganism-plant system for remediation of soil exposed to coal mining”, Foods and Raw Materials 9 (2), 406–418 (2021). DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-406-418.
  18. Friedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., et al., “Global Carbon Budget 2024”, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 17, 965–1039 (2025). DOI: 10.5194/essd-17-965-2025.
  19. Jambhulkar, H.P., Kumar, M.S., “Eco-restoration approach for mine spoil overburden dump through biotechnological route”, Environ. Monit. Assess. 191, 772 (2019).
  20. Kelly, C.N., Peltz, C.D., Stanton, M., Rutherford, D.W., Rostad, C.E., “Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption”, Appl. Geochem. 43, 35–48 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.003.
  21. Maiti, S.K., Ecorestoration of the coalmine degraded lands (Berlin/Heidelberg (Germany): Springer Sci. & Business Media, 2012). ISBN 9788578110796.
  22. Mossa, A.W., Bailey, E.H., Usman, A., Young, S.D., Crout, N.M.J., “The impact of long-term biosolids application (>100 years) on soil metal dynamics”, Sci. Total Environ. 720, 137441.
  23. Pajak, M., Błonska, E., Szostak, M., Gasiorek, M., Pietrzykowski, M., Urban, O., Derbis, P., “Restoration of vegetation in relation to soil properties of spoil heap heavily contaminated with heavy metals”, Water. Air. Soil Pollut. 229, 392 (2018).
  24. Pandey, V.C., Singh, N., “Impact of fly ash incorporation in soil systems”, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 136, 16–27 (2010).
  25. Prasad, M.N.V., de Campos Favas, P.J., Maiti, S.K., “Fly ash and lime-stabilized biosolid mixtures in mine spoil reclamation”, Bio-Geotechnologies for Mine Site Rehabilitation (Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018).
  26. Qu, J., Tian, X., Zhang, X., Yao, J., Xue, J., Li, K., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., “Free radicals-triggered reductive and oxidative degradation of highly chlorinated compounds via regulation of heat-activated persulfate by low-molecular-weight organic acids”, Appl. Catal. Environ. 310, 121359 (2022).
  27. Zhu, W., Wang, J., Wu, D., Li, X., Luo, Y., Han, C., Ma, W., He, S., “Investigating the heavy metal adsorption of mesoporous silica materials prepared by microwave synthesis”, Nanoscale Research Letters 12 (1), 1–9 (2017). DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2070-4.
  28. Zimmerman, A.R., Gao, B., Ahn, M.Y., “Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar amended soils”, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, 1169–1179 (2011).
  29. World Energy Resources 2016 (WEC: Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2016).

References

  1. Alexeyeva, T.P., Burmistrova, T.I., Sysoeva, L.N., Trunova, N.M., Seredina, V.P., “Technology of reclamation of coal dump soils using peat preparations”, Ecologija I promishlennost Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia] 20 (11), 39–43 (2016) (in Russian).
  2. Bauer, T.V., Barakhov, A.V., Minkina, T.M., Latsynnik, E.S., “Assessment of the degree of soil pollution in technogenic landscapes in the zone of influence of coal mine waste heaps in the Rostov Region”, Proc. of the Intern. Sci. and Practical Conf. “The Fifth Landscape and Ecological Readings Dedi­cated to G.E. Grishankov “Nature and Society: Integration Processes” (Sevastopol, 2022) (in Russian).
  3. Burachevskaya, M.V., Minkina, T.M., Bauer, T.V., Lobzenko, I.P., Severina, V.I., “Effect of biochar from agricultural waste on changes in soil pH during absorption of heavy metals”, Actualnaja biotehnologija [Actual biotechnology] 1 (35), 208 (2022) (in Russian).
  4. Kizilov, O.A., Baykin, Yu.L., Ovchinnikov, P.Yu., “Use of mineral sorbents for soil contamination with heavy metals”, Vestnik biotehnologii [Bull. of biotechnology] 1 (11), 16–18 (2017) (in Russian).
  5. Krupskaya, L.T., Golubev, D.A., Rastanina, N.K., Filatova, M.Yu., “Reclamation of the surface of the tailings dump of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky Krai using bioremediation”, Gornij informatsionno-analiticheskij bulleten [Mining information and analytical bull] 9, 138–148 (2019) (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2019-09-0-138-148.
  6. Minkina, T.M., Minin, N.S., Kolesnikov, S.I., Gorovtsov, A.V., Chistyakov, V.A., “Assessment of the phytotoxicity of ordinary chernozem using Bacillus sp. and biochar to stimulate the decomposition of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop residues”, Agrohimija [Agrochemistry] 5, 60–69 (2023) (in Russian).
  7. Nevedrov, N.P., Method of immobilization of lead in contaminated soils. Patent of the Russian Federation 2655215C1 (2017) (in Rus.; Abstr. in Engl.).
  8. Petunkina, L.O., Zaushintsena, A.V., Shatilov, D.I., “Optimal ratios of reclamation agents for targeted use at a coal mining enterprise”, Environ. problems of industrially developed and resource regions: solutions. Proceedings of the All-Russian youth sci. and practical conf. (Kemerovo: Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, 2016) (in Russian).
  9. Popova, Yu.A., “Detoxification of anthropogenically loaded territories contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, with subsequent use for construction”, PhD thesis abstract (Rostov-on-Don, 2006) (in Russian).
  10. Pulikova, E.P., Gorovtsov, A.V., Nevidomskaya, D.G., Kazaryan, K.A., Minkina, T.M., “Influence of chelating agents on denitrification processes in soils of steppe landscapes of coal mining areas of the eastern Donbas”, Monitoring, protection and restoration of soil ecosystems under anthropogenic load. Proc. of the International Youth Sci. School (Rostov-on-Don–Taganrog, 2022) (in Russian).
  11. Adnan, M., Shah, Z., Sharif, M., Rahman, H., “Liming induces carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in PSB inoculated alkaline soil supplemented with different phosphorus sources”, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 9501–9509 (2018).
  12. Amonette, J.E., Jospeh, S., “Characteristics of biochar: microchemical properties”, Biochar for Environ. Management Sci. and Technology (London: Earthscan, 2009).
  13. Bauer, T., Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Burachevskaya, M., Zharkova, M., “Biochar application to detoxification of the heavy metal-contaminated fluvisols”, Environ. Science Chemistry, Materials Science. Published in E3S Web of Conferences 1. February 2020. DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/202017509009.
  14. Bech, J., Duran, P., Roca, N., Poma, W., Sánchez, I., Roca-Pérez, L., Boluda, R., Barceló, J., Poschenrieder, C., “Accumulation of Pb and Zn in Bidens triplinervia and Senecio sp. spontaneous species from mine spoils in Peru and their potential use in phytoremediation”, J. Geochem. Explor. 123, 109–113 (2012).
  15. Benoit, P., “Energy and development in a changing world: a framework for the 21st century”, Center of Global Energy Policy at Columbia (https://www. energypolicy.columbia.edu/).
  16. Chandra, S., Medha, I., Tiwari, A.K., “The role of modified biochar for the remediation of coal mining-impacted contaminated soil: a review”, Sustainability 15, 3973 (2023). DOI: 10.3390/su15053973.
  17. Drozdova, M.Yu., Pozdnyakova, A.V., Osintseva, M.A., Burova, N.V., Minina, V.I., “The microorganism-plant system for remediation of soil exposed to coal mining”, Foods and Raw Materials 9 (2), 406–418 (2021). DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-406-418.
  18. Friedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., et al., “Global Carbon Budget 2024”, Earth Syst. Sci. Data 17, 965–1039 (2025). DOI: 10.5194/essd-17-965-2025.
  19. Jambhulkar, H.P., Kumar, M.S., “Eco-restoration approach for mine spoil overburden dump through biotechnological route”, Environ. Monit. Assess. 191, 772 (2019).
  20. Kelly, C.N., Peltz, C.D., Stanton, M., Rutherford, D.W., Rostad, C.E., “Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption”, Appl. Geochem. 43, 35–48 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.003.
  21. Maiti, S.K., Ecorestoration of the coalmine degraded lands (Berlin/Heidelberg (Germany): Springer Sci. & Business Media, 2012). ISBN 9788578110796.
  22. Mossa, A.W., Bailey, E.H., Usman, A., Young, S.D., Crout, N.M.J., “The impact of long-term biosolids application (>100 years) on soil metal dynamics”, Sci. Total Environ. 720, 137441.
  23. Pajak, M., Błonska, E., Szostak, M., Gasiorek, M., Pietrzykowski, M., Urban, O., Derbis, P., “Restoration of vegetation in relation to soil properties of spoil heap heavily contaminated with heavy metals”, Water. Air. Soil Pollut. 229, 392 (2018).
  24. Pandey, V.C., Singh, N., “Impact of fly ash incorporation in soil systems”, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 136, 16–27 (2010).
  25. Prasad, M.N.V., de Campos Favas, P.J., Maiti, S.K., “Fly ash and lime-stabilized biosolid mixtures in mine spoil reclamation”, Bio-Geotechnologies for Mine Site Rehabilitation (Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018).
  26. Qu, J., Tian, X., Zhang, X., Yao, J., Xue, J., Li, K., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., “Free radicals-triggered reductive and oxidative degradation of highly chlorinated compounds via regulation of heat-activated persulfate by low-molecular-weight organic acids”, Appl. Catal. Environ. 310, 121359 (2022).
  27. Zhu, W., Wang, J., Wu, D., Li, X., Luo, Y., Han, C., Ma, W., He, S., “Investigating the heavy metal adsorption of mesoporous silica materials prepared by microwave synthesis”, Nanoscale Research Letters 12 (1), 1–9 (2017). DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2070-4.
  28. Zimmerman, A.R., Gao, B., Ahn, M.Y., “Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar amended soils”, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, 1169–1179 (2011).
  29. World Energy Resources 2016 (WEC: Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2016).