Жизнь Земли. Междисциплинарный научно-практический журнал Life of the Earth 10.29003/m4690.0514-7468.2020_47_2/215-229 2557 Рекультивация углеотвалов Донбасса с помощью биогеохимической технологии Reclamation of Donbas coal dump sites using biogeochemical technology Башкин В.Н., Васильева Г.К. Bashkin, V.N., Vasilieva, G.K. 28 05 2020 47 2 215 229 28 05 2025

В связи с большим объёмом угледобычи в РФ и других странах существует серьёзная проблема образования терриконов из углеотвалов, представляющих значительную угрозу для окружающей среды прилегающих территорий. Один из таких районов – Донецкий угольный бассейн площадью более 60 тыс. км2. Целью исследований является разработка биогеохимической технологии рекультивации углеотвалов Донбасса, основанной на проведении фиторекультивации на фоне различных добавок. В экспериментах использовали образцы почвогрунта, отобранного из верхнего слоя террикона шахты Аютинская Донецкого угольного бассейна, а также зонального чернозёма обыкновенного. В качестве добавок использовали биочар из древесины и другие сорбенты, в т. ч. минеральные (диатомит и вермикулит) и органические (торф кислый и нейтрализованный), а также чернозём обыкновенный и карьерный песок – чистый и с добавками биогумуса. Все добавки оказывали положительное действие на рост зелёной массы засухоустойчивого газона, измеренной в ходе 3-х укосов в течение вегетационного сезона 2024 г. Наилучшие результаты получены при внесении торфа нейтрализованного и чернозёма в дозах 25 %, а также карьерного песка в дозах 25 и 50 % с добавками биогумуса.

Due to the large volume of coal mining in the Russian Federation and other countries, there is a serious issue of the formation of waste heaps from coal dumps, which pose a significant threat to the environment of adjacent territories. One of such areas is the Donetsk coal basin, whose area is more than 60 thousand km2. Phytoreclamation is the most common and cost-effective method recommended for the restoration of degraded coal dump soil, which reduces the removal of toxic substances with dust emissions and water runoff. However, plant growth on these soils is hindered by their phytotoxicity and unfavorable physical and physicochemical properties. The aim of this research was to develop a biogeochemical technology for the reclamation of coal dumps in Donbas based on phytoreclamation with various additives. Our experiments involved soil samples taken from the upper layer of the Ayutinskaya mine waste heap in the Donetsk coal basin, as well as zonal ordinary chernozem samples. The experiments were conducted in microfield conditions in bottomless vessels with an area of 0.1 m2 dug into the ground. The additives used were wood biochar and other sorbents, including mineral (diatomite and vermiculite) and organic (acidic and neutralized peat) ones, as well as ordinary chernozem and quarry sand – clean and with biohumus additives. The soil was seeded with a drought-resistant lawn mixture. All additives had a positive effect on the growth of green mass of drought-resistant lawn, measured during 3 cuttings ib the vegetation season of 2024. However, the best results were obtained with the addition of neutralized peat and chernozem at doses of 25 %, as well as quarry sand at doses of 25 and 50 % with the addition of biohumus; at the same time, the additional addition of 5 % biochar to all these samples gave no desired result.

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