Жизнь Земли. Междисциплинарный научно-практический журнал Life of the Earth 10.29003/m5046.0514-7468.2026_48_1/46-57 INBPXG 3328 Нейрохимические поллютанты в водных экосистемах: механизмы взаимодействия с микроводорослями Neurochemical Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Modes of Interaction with Microalgae Цао Боян ЦаоБоян CaoBoyang caobh@my.msu.ru 0009-0003-5068-8536 Чивкунова Ольга Борисовна ЧивкуноваОльга Борисовна ChivkunovaO.B. 0000-0002-1625-4510 Федоренко Татьяна Александровна ФедоренкоТатьяна Александровна FedorenkoT.A. Соловченко Алексей Евгеньевич СоловченкоАлексей Евгеньевич SolovchenkoA.E. 0000-0001-6746-8511 Лобакова Елена Сергеевна ЛобаковаЕлена Сергеевна LobakovaE.S. Олескин Александр Владимирович ОлескинАлександр Владимирович OleskinA.V. oleskiny@yandex.ru 0000-0002-6816-1615 MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China кафедра общей экологии и гидробиологии, биологический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation МГУ-ППИ (Шэньчжэнь, Китай) Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation кафедра биоинженерии, биологический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation кафедра биоинженерии, биологический факультет МГУ Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation кафедра общей экологии и гидробиологии, биологический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова 11 03 2026 48 1 46 57 21 11 2025 11 03 2026

В предшествующей статье в журнале «Жизнь Земли» [7] были рассмотрены нейроактивные вещества как поллютанты нового поколения – на примерах нейротрансмитеров, таких как ацетилхолин и биогенные амины. Данные вещества при низких концентрациях вызывают стимуляторные ростовые эффекты у микроводорослей. В настоящей статье обсуждаются механизмы действия нейротрансмиттеров даже в «следовых» количествах, а именно, антиоксидантное действие и влияние на динамику и ритмику развития микроводорослей – на смену их «возрастных» стадий. Испытанные нейротрансмиттеры, которые могут поступать в природные экосистемы со стоками пищевой, фармацевтической и косметической индустрии, можно подразделить на две подгруппы: 1) вещества, которые увеличивают содержание ненасыщенных жирных кислот (НЖК) в мембранах микроводорослей, повышают концентрацию фотосинтетических пигментов в клетках и, предположительно, продлевают ранние стадии культуры микроводорослей, и 2) вещества, снижающие содержание НЖК в мембранных липидах, уменьшающие концентрацию фотосинтетических пигментов и, соответственно, ускоряющие достижение поздних стадий культуры.

Our previous publication in “Life on the Earth” [7] was concerned with neuroactive substances in the capacity of new-generation pollutants exemplified by neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and biogenic amines. At low concentrations, these substances exert a growth-promoting effect on microalgae. The present work deals with the mode of action of extremely low concentrations (“trace amounts”) of neurotransmitters that comprises their antioxidant effects and the influence on the dynamics and rhythms of microalgal cultures’ development, i.e. on the succession of their age-related stages. Such neurotransmitters that can enter natural ecosystems with the wastewater of food, drug, and cosmetic industry, can be grouped into (1) substances that increase the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content in microalgal membranes, elevate the photosynthetic pigment concentration in the cells, and prolong the “youth” of microalgal cultures; and (2) substances that decrease the UFA content, reduce the photosynthetic pigment concentration, and, accordingly, accelerate the “aging” of microalgal cultures.

 экотоксикантынейротрансмиттерысеротонингистаминнорадреналиндофаминацетилхолинмикроводоросливозрастные стадии культур микроводорослей ecotoxicantsneurotransmittersserotoninhistaminenorepinephrinedopamineacetylcholinemicroalgaedevelopmental stages of microalgal cultures Golovlev, E.L., “Academician N.D. Yerusalimsky”, Microbiology (Moscow) 68(6), 800–808 (in Russian).Yerusalimsky, N.D., Physiology of Development of Pure Cultures. Dr. Sci. Biol. Thesis (Moscow: Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1952) (in Russian).Maryin, V.A., Kharitonov, D.V., “Study on the sequence of growth phases in the batch cultures of bifidobacteria or lactobacteria”, Technique and Technology 19(4) (2010)(in Russian).Feofilova, E.P., Mysiakina, I.S., Biofuel: problems and prospects (Moscow: National Academy of Mycology, 2016) (in Russian).Tsavkelova, E.A., Klimova, S.Yu., Cherdyntseva, T.A., Netrusov, A.I., “Microorganisms producing plant growth stimulants: practical applications (a review)”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 42(2), 133–143 (2006) (in Russian).Tsavkelova, E.A., Klimova, S.Yu., Cherdyntseva, T.A., Netrusov, A.I.,“Hormones and hormone-like compounds of microorganisms (a review)”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 42(3), 261–268 (2006) (in Russian).Cao, B., Oleskin, A.V.,“Neurochemical pollutants in the aquatic medium: the results of studies with model organisms (microalgae)”, Zhizn Zemli [Life on the Earth] 47(4), 26–40 (2025). DOI: 10.29003/м28.0514-7468.Cao, B., Chivkunova, O.B., Solovchenko, A.E., Lobakova, E.S., Oleskin, A.V.,“Impact of neurotransmitters on the fatty acid composition and pigments of the green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 60(5), 833–843 (2024). DOI: 10.1134/S0003683824604554.Cao, B., Fedorenko, T.A., Chivkunova, O.B., Solovchenko, A.E., Lobakova, E.S., Oleskin, A.V.,“Impact of neurotransmitters on the photosynthetic pigment content of the green microalga Haematococcus lacustris (strains IPPAS H-239 and BM-1)”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 61(5), 865–871 (2025). DOI: 10.1134/S0003683825601155.Cao, B., Fedorenko, T.A., Chivkunova, O.B., Solovchenko, A.E., Lobakova, E.S., Oleskin, A.V., “Impact of neurotransmitters on biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigment content, and fatty acid composition of the cyanobacterium Limnospira platensis IPPAS B-256”, Microbiology (Moscow) 95 (1), 82-95 (2026). DOI: 10.1134/S0026261725602921.Chekanov, K., Lobakova, E., Selyakh, I., Semenova, L., Sidorov, R., Solovchenko, A.,“Accumulation of astaxanthin by a new Haematococcus pluvialis strain BM1 from the White Sea coastal rocks (Russia)”, Mar Drugs. 12(8), 4504–4520 (2014). DOI: 10.3390/md12084504.Czerpak, R., Bajguz, A., Jewiec, P., Muszynska-Garstka, M., “The influence of acetylcholine and taurine on the content of some metabolites in the alga Chlorella vulgaris”, Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 3(2), 223–229 (2003).Fabris, M., Abbriano, R.M., Pernice, M., Sutherland, D.L., Commault, A.S., Hall, C.C., Labeeuw, L., McCauley, J.I., Kuzhiuparambil, U., Ray, P., Kahlke, T., Ralph, P.J.,“Emerging technologies in algal biotechnology: toward the establishment of a sustainable, algae-based bioeconomy”, Front. Plant Sci. 11, 279 (2020). DOI: 10.3389/fpls.202N/D279.Love, A.C., Travisano, M.,“Microbes modelling ontogeny”, Biol. Philos. 28, 161–188 (2013). DOI: 10.1007/s10539-013-9363-5.Machado, M., Soares, E.C.S.,“Life and death of Pseudokirchneiella subcapitata: physiological changes during chronological aging”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1066, 8245–8258 (2022). DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12267-5.Oleskin, A.V., Postnov, A.L., Boyang, C., “Impact of biogenic amines on the growth of a Chlorella vulgaris culture”, J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci. 11, 49–53 (2021). DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2021.11.07.Oleskin, A.V., Postnov, A.L., Boyang, C., “Impact of biogenic amines on the growth of green microalgae”, J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci. 11, 144–150 (2021). DOI:10.29169/1927-5951.2021.11.17.Parsaiemehr, A., Sun, Z., Dou, X., Chen, Y.-F.,“Simultaneous improvement in production of microalgal biodiesel and high-value alpha-linolenic acid by a single regulator acetylcholine”, Biotechnol. Biofuels. 8, 11 (2015). DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0196-0.Piotrowska-Niczyporuk, A., Bajguz, A.,“The effect of natural and synthetic auxins on the growth. metabolite content and antioxidant response of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae)”, Plant Growth Regul. 73, 57–66 (2014). DOI: 10.1007/s10725-013-9867-7.Powell, K., Pharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007. P. 1–2).Qiu, J., Vadiveloo, A., Mao, B.-D., Zhou, J.-L., Gao, T.,“Phytohormones as a novel strategy for promoting phytoremediation in microalgae: progress and prospects”, J. Environ. Management. 273, 123593 (2025).Roshchina, V.V., Yashin, V.A., Podunai, Y.A.,“Fluorescence in the study of diatom Ulnaria ulna cells”, Austin Environ. Sci. 7 (3), 107–110 (2022).Schiechl, G., Himmelsbach, M., Buchberger, W., Kerschbaum, H.H., Lütz-Meindl, U., “Identification of acetylcholine and impact of cholinomimetic drugs on cell differentiation and growth in the unicellular green alga Micrasterias denticulate”, Plant Sci. 175(3), 262–266 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.04.006.Solovchenko, A., “Recent breakthroughs in the biology of astaxanthin accumulation by microalgal cells”, Photosynthesis Res. 125(3), 437–449 (2015). DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0156-3.Steffen, P.R., Hedes, D., Matheson, R., “The brain is adaptive not triune: how the brain responds to threat, challenge, and change”, Front. Psychiatr. 13, 802606 (2022). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606.Steiner, U.K.,“Senescence in bacteria and its underlying mechanisms”, Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 668915 (2021). DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668915.Tiwari, S., Patel, A., Prasad, S.M.,“Phytohormone upregulates the biochemical constituent, exopolysaccharide and energy metabolism in paddy-field cyanobacteria exposed to chromium stress”, BMC Microbiol. 20, 206 (2020). DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01799-3.Tredici, M.R., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Bassi, N., Sampietro, G., “Techno-economic analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1-ha Green Wall Panel (GWP®) plant”, Algal Res. 19, 253–263 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.005.Van Alstyne, K.L., Ridgway, R.L., Nelson, A., “Neurotransmitters in marine and freshwater algae”, Neurotransmitters in Plants: Perspectives and Applications (Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 2018), 27–36. DOI: 10.1201/b22467-3.Yu, J., You, X., Gao, Y., Guo, L., Xang, X., Gao, M., Zhao, Y., Jin, C., Ji, J., Che, Z., “The impact of auxin analogs on microalgal intracellular component accumulation and nutrient removal for mariculture wastewater treatment basing on bacterial-algal coupling technology”, Process Safety and Environmental Protection 164, 660–668 (2022).Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Yang, M., Huang, F., Liu, J., Yu, X., Yu, L., “Exploiting synergy of dopamine and stressful conditions in enhancing Haematococcus lacustris biomass and astaxanthin yield”, Bioresource Technol. 417, 131848 (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.biotech.2024.131848.Zhao, C., Lu, B., Wang, Z., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., “Enhanced antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes removal from aquaculture wastewater by microalgae-based system induced with plant hormones”, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 200, 106045 (2025). DOI: 10.1016/ j.ibiod.2025.106045. Golovlev, E.L., “Academician N.D. Yerusalimsky”, Microbiology (Moscow) 68(6), 800–808 (in Russian).Yerusalimsky, N.D., Physiology of Development of Pure Cultures. Dr. Sci. Biol. Thesis (Moscow: Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1952) (in Russian).Maryin, V.A., Kharitonov, D.V., “Study on the sequence of growth phases in the batch cultures of bifidobacteria or lactobacteria”, Technique and Technology 19(4) (2010)(in Russian).Feofilova, E.P., Mysiakina, I.S., Biofuel: problems and prospects (Moscow: National Academy of Mycology, 2016) (in Russian).Tsavkelova, E.A., Klimova, S.Yu., Cherdyntseva, T.A., Netrusov, A.I., “Microorganisms producing plant growth stimulants: practical applications (a review)”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 42(2), 133–143 (2006) (in Russian).Tsavkelova, E.A., Klimova, S.Yu., Cherdyntseva, T.A., Netrusov, A.I.,“Hormones and hormone-like compounds of microorganisms (a review)”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 42(3), 261–268 (2006) (in Russian).Cao, B., Oleskin, A.V.,“Neurochemical pollutants in the aquatic medium: the results of studies with model organisms (microalgae)”, Zhizn Zemli [Life on the Earth] 47(4), 26–40 (2025). DOI: 10.29003/м28.0514-7468.Cao, B., Chivkunova, O.B., Solovchenko, A.E., Lobakova, E.S., Oleskin, A.V.,“Impact of neurotransmitters on the fatty acid composition and pigments of the green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 60(5), 833–843 (2024). DOI: 10.1134/S0003683824604554.Cao, B., Fedorenko, T.A., Chivkunova, O.B., Solovchenko, A.E., Lobakova, E.S., Oleskin, A.V.,“Impact of neurotransmitters on the photosynthetic pigment content of the green microalga Haematococcus lacustris (strains IPPAS H-239 and BM-1)”, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 61(5), 865–871 (2025). DOI: 10.1134/S0003683825601155.Cao, B., Fedorenko, T.A., Chivkunova, O.B., Solovchenko, A.E., Lobakova, E.S., Oleskin, A.V., “Impact of neurotransmitters on biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigment content, and fatty acid composition of the cyanobacterium Limnospira platensis IPPAS B-256”, Microbiology (Moscow) 95 (1), 82-95 (2026). DOI: 10.1134/S0026261725602921.Chekanov, K., Lobakova, E., Selyakh, I., Semenova, L., Sidorov, R., Solovchenko, A.,“Accumulation of astaxanthin by a new Haematococcus pluvialis strain BM1 from the White Sea coastal rocks (Russia)”, Mar Drugs. 12(8), 4504–4520 (2014). DOI: 10.3390/md12084504.Czerpak, R., Bajguz, A., Jewiec, P., Muszynska-Garstka, M., “The influence of acetylcholine and taurine on the content of some metabolites in the alga Chlorella vulgaris”, Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 3(2), 223–229 (2003).Fabris, M., Abbriano, R.M., Pernice, M., Sutherland, D.L., Commault, A.S., Hall, C.C., Labeeuw, L., McCauley, J.I., Kuzhiuparambil, U., Ray, P., Kahlke, T., Ralph, P.J.,“Emerging technologies in algal biotechnology: toward the establishment of a sustainable, algae-based bioeconomy”, Front. Plant Sci. 11, 279 (2020). DOI: 10.3389/fpls.202N/D279.Love, A.C., Travisano, M.,“Microbes modelling ontogeny”, Biol. Philos. 28, 161–188 (2013). DOI: 10.1007/s10539-013-9363-5.Machado, M., Soares, E.C.S.,“Life and death of Pseudokirchneiella subcapitata: physiological changes during chronological aging”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1066, 8245–8258 (2022). DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12267-5.Oleskin, A.V., Postnov, A.L., Boyang, C., “Impact of biogenic amines on the growth of a Chlorella vulgaris culture”, J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci. 11, 49–53 (2021). DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2021.11.07.Oleskin, A.V., Postnov, A.L., Boyang, C., “Impact of biogenic amines on the growth of green microalgae”, J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci. 11, 144–150 (2021). DOI:10.29169/1927-5951.2021.11.17.Parsaiemehr, A., Sun, Z., Dou, X., Chen, Y.-F.,“Simultaneous improvement in production of microalgal biodiesel and high-value alpha-linolenic acid by a single regulator acetylcholine”, Biotechnol. Biofuels. 8, 11 (2015). DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0196-0.Piotrowska-Niczyporuk, A., Bajguz, A.,“The effect of natural and synthetic auxins on the growth. metabolite content and antioxidant response of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae)”, Plant Growth Regul. 73, 57–66 (2014). DOI: 10.1007/s10725-013-9867-7.Powell, K., Pharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007. P. 1–2).Qiu, J., Vadiveloo, A., Mao, B.-D., Zhou, J.-L., Gao, T.,“Phytohormones as a novel strategy for promoting phytoremediation in microalgae: progress and prospects”, J. Environ. Management. 273, 123593 (2025).Roshchina, V.V., Yashin, V.A., Podunai, Y.A.,“Fluorescence in the study of diatom Ulnaria ulna cells”, Austin Environ. Sci. 7 (3), 107–110 (2022).Schiechl, G., Himmelsbach, M., Buchberger, W., Kerschbaum, H.H., Lütz-Meindl, U., “Identification of acetylcholine and impact of cholinomimetic drugs on cell differentiation and growth in the unicellular green alga Micrasterias denticulate”, Plant Sci. 175(3), 262–266 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.04.006.Solovchenko, A., “Recent breakthroughs in the biology of astaxanthin accumulation by microalgal cells”, Photosynthesis Res. 125(3), 437–449 (2015). DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0156-3.Steffen, P.R., Hedes, D., Matheson, R., “The brain is adaptive not triune: how the brain responds to threat, challenge, and change”, Front. Psychiatr. 13, 802606 (2022). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606.Steiner, U.K.,“Senescence in bacteria and its underlying mechanisms”, Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 668915 (2021). DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668915.Tiwari, S., Patel, A., Prasad, S.M.,“Phytohormone upregulates the biochemical constituent, exopolysaccharide and energy metabolism in paddy-field cyanobacteria exposed to chromium stress”, BMC Microbiol. 20, 206 (2020). DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01799-3.Tredici, M.R., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Bassi, N., Sampietro, G., “Techno-economic analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1-ha Green Wall Panel (GWP®) plant”, Algal Res. 19, 253–263 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.005.Van Alstyne, K.L., Ridgway, R.L., Nelson, A., “Neurotransmitters in marine and freshwater algae”, Neurotransmitters in Plants: Perspectives and Applications (Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 2018), 27–36. DOI: 10.1201/b22467-3.Yu, J., You, X., Gao, Y., Guo, L., Xang, X., Gao, M., Zhao, Y., Jin, C., Ji, J., Che, Z., “The impact of auxin analogs on microalgal intracellular component accumulation and nutrient removal for mariculture wastewater treatment basing on bacterial-algal coupling technology”, Process Safety and Environmental Protection 164, 660–668 (2022).Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Yang, M., Huang, F., Liu, J., Yu, X., Yu, L., “Exploiting synergy of dopamine and stressful conditions in enhancing Haematococcus lacustris biomass and astaxanthin yield”, Bioresource Technol. 417, 131848 (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.biotech.2024.131848.Zhao, C., Lu, B., Wang, Z., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., “Enhanced antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes removal from aquaculture wastewater by microalgae-based system induced with plant hormones”, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 200, 106045 (2025). DOI: 10.1016/ j.ibiod.2025.106045.