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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Жизнь Земли. Междисциплинарный научно-практический журнал</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Life of the Earth</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29003/m5447.0514-7468.2026_48_3/338-348</article-id>      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">SAFLMQ</article-id>      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3587</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Проблема «калорических» полугодий в астрономической теории изменений климата</article-title>        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problem of “caloric” half-years in the astronomical theory of climate changes</trans-title></trans-title-group>      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
                                <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Фёдоров</surname>
                <given-names>Валерий Михайлович</given-names>              </name>
              <name-alternatives>
                <name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдоров</surname><given-names>Валерий Михайлович</given-names></name>                <name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V.M.</given-names></name>              </name-alternatives>
              <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>              <email>fedorov.msu@mail.ru</email>              <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2305-7408</contrib-id>            </contrib>
            
                        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
              <aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff>              <aff><institution xml:lang="ru">географический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, в.н.с.</institution></aff>            </aff-alternatives>
                          </contrib-group>

            <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-02">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      
      <volume>48</volume>      <issue>3</issue>      <fpage>338</fpage>      <lpage>348</lpage>
            <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21">
  <day>21</day>
  <month>04</month>
  <year>2026</year>
</date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-02">
  <day>02</day>
  <month>09</month>
  <year>2026</year>
</date>
      </history>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на то, что Милутином Миланковичем наиболее полно сформулирована концепция, в которой смена ледниковых эпох связывается с вековыми изменениями (определяемыми астрономическими факторами) инсоляции, в её сути имеются существенные недостатки. Рассматривается проблема реалистичности рассчитанных Миланковичем значений инсоляции при упрощении им алгоритма расчётов до уровня расчётов облучения отдельных параллелей за калорические полугодия равной продолжительности. Показано, что результаты только 1/3 выполненных Миланковичем расчётов приблизительно отражают реальное облучение параллелей за полугодие. В 2/3 случаев результаты расчётов вследствие принятого им упрощения далеки от реальности. Созданная Миланковичем концепция базируется на двух известных в макромире фундаментальных физических взаимодействиях – гравитационном и электромагнитном, изменениями в которых могут определяться и глобальные изменения природной среды и условий проживания человека на Земле. Выявление имеющихся в астрономической теории изменений климата проблем может способствовать её модернизации, совершенствованию, созданию возможностей для объяснения причин современных изменений климата и прогнозирования глобальных изменений природной среды в будущем.</p></abstract>      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the fact that Milutin Milanković formulated the most comprehensive concept linking the succession of Ice Ages to the secular changes (determined by astronomical factors) in insolation, it contains significant shortcomings. Since Milanković simplified his calculation algorithm to the level of the irradiation of individual parallels for “caloric” half-years of equal duration, the reliability of his insolation values should be checked. It is shown that the results of only one-third of Milanković’s calculations approximately reflect the actual irradiation of particular parallels over a half-year. Due to his simplifications, the calculation results are far from reality in two-thirds of all the cases. Milanković’s concept is based on two fundamental physical interactions known in the macrocosm (gravitational and electromagnetic), fluctuations of which could determine global changes in the natural environment and human habitation on the Earth. Identifying the problems in the astronomical theory of climate changes can contribute to its modernization and improvement, creating opportunities for explaining the causes of current climate changes and predicting global environmental changes in the future.</p></trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>астрономическая теория климата</kwd><kwd>инсоляция</kwd><kwd>калорические полугодия</kwd></kwd-group>      <kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>astronomical theory of climate</kwd><kwd>insolation</kwd><kwd>caloric half-years</kwd></kwd-group>
          </article-meta>
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