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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 3
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 3

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DOI

10.29003/m4740.0514-7468.2025_47_3/348-358

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Authors:

Fedorov, V.M.

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аstronomical theory of climate, glacial epochs, interglacial epochs, cyclicity, Late Pleistocene, insolation, transfer of radiative heat and moisture.

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Fedorov, V.M., “Causes of paleoclimatic changes in the late Pleistocene of Northern Eurasia”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 3, 348–358 (2025) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m4740.0514-7468.2025_47_3/348-358.

Causes of paleoclimatic changes in the late Pleistocene of Northern Eurasia

The astronomical theory of climate changes (oscillations), created more than 100 years ago by the Serbian mathematician Milutin Milanković, in its current form does not explain global fluctuations of the natural environment in the Late Pleistocene, and therefore requires further refinement and development. And this theory has been modernized. Our revision is based on the results of calculations of the Earth’s insolation, performed with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The irradiation of the entire Northern Hemisphere was taken as the basis for determining the causes of the glaciations in Late Pleistocene. Variations in incoming solar radiation, calculated within the astronomical theory of climate, were supplemented by calculations of variations in the characteristics of radiative heat transfer. Based on the improved astronomical theory, the causes of global climate changes in the Late Pleistocene were found. The effect of dividing seasonal irradiation by phases of annual irradiation of the hemispheres was determined, and on this basis 7 warm and 9 cold solar epochs are distinguished in the solar climate of the Late Pleistocene. It has been determined that the glacial epochs in the Late Pleistocene of Northern Eurasia are associated with periods of positive average anomaly of winter meridional heat and moisture transfer and negative average anomaly of summer irradiation intensity in the Northern Hemisphere. Also, positive average anomalies of radiative heat transfer from the summer Southern Hemisphere to the winter Northern Hemisphere, as well as negative average anomalies of insolation seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere, correspond to glacial periods in the Late Pleistocene.

Interglacial epochs are associated with periods of positive average anomalies of summer radiation intensity and negative average anomalies of winter meridional transfer, and interhemispheric transfer of heat and moisture from the summer Southern Hemisphere to the winter Northern Hemisphere. Also, interglacial periods in the Late Pleistocene correspond to negative average anomalies of radiative heat transfer from the summer Southern Hemisphere to the winter Northern Hemisphere, as well as positive average anomalies of insolation seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere. The difference in the intensity of summer irradiation of warm and cold climate epochs in 100-thousand-year cycles averages 4.91 W/m2 (or 1.151% of the average Late Pleistocene value of summer irradiation intensity for the Northern Hemisphere). Therefore, the change of paleoclimatic epochs is associated mainly with the dynamics of the characteristics of summer radiation, and with the winter transfer of radiative heat and moisture determined by astronomical factors.

Список литературы

  1. Bolikhovskaya, N.S., “Spatiotemporal peculiarities of the development of vegetation and climate of Northern Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene”, Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 4 (32), 2–28 (2007) (in Russian).
  2. Bolshakov, V.A., New concept of the orbital theory of climate (Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2003) (in Russian).
  3. Monin, A.S., Introduction to the theory of climate (Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1982) (in Russian).
  4. Sidorenkov, N.S., Atmospheric processes and the Earth rotation (St-Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat, 2002) (in Russian).
  5. Fedorov, V.M., “Problems of parameterization of the radiation block in physical and mathematical climate models and the possibility of their solution”, Achievements of physical sciences 193 (9), 971–988 (2023). DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2023.03.039339 (in Russian).
  6. Fedorov, V.M., Frolov, D.M., “Features of annual and monthly irradiation of the Earth in the Late Pleistocene”, Geophysical processes and the biosphere 23 (4), 19–27 (2024). DOI: 10.21455/GPB2024.4-2 (in Russian).
  7. Fedorov, V.M., Kostin, A.A., Frolov, D.M., “Influence of the Shape of the Earth on the Characteristics of the Irradiation of the Earth”, Geophysical processes and the biosphere 19 (3), 119–130 (2020). DOI: 10.21455/GPB2020.3-7 (in Russian).
  8. Fyodorov, V.M., Frolov, D.M., Zalihanov, A.M., “The Solar Climate of the Arctic in the Neopleistocene”, Zhizn Zemli 47 (1), 34–45 (2025). DOI: 10.29003/m4377.0514-7468.2025_47_1/34-45 (in Russian).
  9. Sharaf, Sh.G., Budnikova, N.A., “About the secular changes of the Earth orbital elements which influence the climates of the geological past”, Bull. of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, USSR Academy of Sciences 11 (4) (127), 231–261 (1967) (in Russian).
  10. Shuleykin, V.V., Physics of the sea (Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1953) (in Russian).
  11. Electronic resource of J. Laskar (https://vo.imcce.fr/insola/earth/online/earth/La2004/index.html) (in Russian).
  12. Adhémar, J.A., Revolutions de la mer: déluges périodiques (Paris: Carilian-Goeury et V. Dalmont, 1842).
  13. Bassinot, F.C., Labeyrie, L.D., Vincent, E., Quidelleur, X., Shackleton, N.J., Lancelot, Y., “The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal”, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126, 91–108 (1994).
  14. Berger, A., “Long-term variation of caloric insolation resulting from the Earth’s orbital elements”, Quaternary Research 9, 139–167 (1978).
  15. Brouwer, D., Van Woerkom, A.J.J., “The secular variation of the orbital elements of the principal planets”, Astronomical Papers 13, 81–107 (1950).
  16. Croll, J., Climate and time in their geological relations: a theory of secular changes of the Earth`s climate (London: Edward Stanford, 1875).
  17. Fedorov, V.M., Kostin, A.A., “The Calculation of the Earth’s insolation for the 3000 BC – AD 2999”, Springer Geology I, 181–192 (2020). DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_20.
  18. 18.Imbrie, J., Hays, J.D., Martinson, D.G., Mclntyre, A., Mix, A.C., Morley, J.J., Pisias, N.G., Prell, W.L., Shackleton, N.J., “The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: Support from a revised chrono­logy, of the marine d18O record”, Milanković and Climate, Part 1. Ed. by A. Berger (New York: Springer, 1984).
  19. Kopp, G., Lean, J., “A new lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance”, Geophysical Research Letters 37. L01706 (2011). DOI: 10.1029/2010GL045777.
  20. Laskar, J., Joutel, F., Boudin, F., “Orbital, precessional and insolation quantities for the Earth from – 20 Myr to + 10 Myr”, Astronomy & Astrophysics 287, 522–533 (1993).
  21. Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A.C.M., Levrard, B., “A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth”, Astronomy & Astrophysics 428 (1), 261–285 (2004). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
  22. 22.Lisiecki, L.E., Raymo, M.E., “A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records”, Paleoceanography 20. PA1003, 1–17 (2005). DOI:10.1029/2004PA001071.
  23. Martinson, D.G., Pisias, N.G., Hays, J.D., Imbrie, J., Moore, T.C., Shackleton, N.J., “Age Dating and the Orbital Theory of the Ice Ages: Development of a High-Resolution 0 to 300,000-Year Chronostratigraphy”, Quaternary Research 27, 1–29 (1987).
  24. Milanković, M., Theorie mathematique des phenomenes thermique produits par la radiation solaire (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1920).
  25. Molodkov, A., Bolikhovskaya, N., “Eustatic sea-level and climate changes over the last 600 ka as derived from mollusc-based ESR-chronostratigraphy and pollen evidence in Northern Eurasia”, Sedimentary Geology 150, 185–201 (2002).
  26. Petit, J.R., Jouzel, J.D., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N.I., Barnola, J.-M., Basil,e I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davisk, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V.M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V.Y., Lorius, C., Pepin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzmank, E., Stievenard, M., Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature 399, 429–436 (1999).
  27. Vernekar, A. “Long-period global variations of incoming solar radiation”, Series: Meteorological Monographs. American Meteorological Society 12 (34), 128 p. (1972).

References

  1. Bolikhovskaya, N.S., “Spatiotemporal peculiarities of the development of vegetation and climate of Northern Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene”, Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 4 (32), 2–28 (2007) (in Russian).
  2. Bolshakov, V.A., New concept of the orbital theory of climate (Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2003) (in Russian).
  3. Monin, A.S., Introduction to the theory of climate (Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1982) (in Russian).
  4. Sidorenkov, N.S., Atmospheric processes and the Earth rotation (St-Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat, 2002) (in Russian).
  5. Fedorov, V.M., “Problems of parameterization of the radiation block in physical and mathematical climate models and the possibility of their solution”, Achievements of physical sciences 193 (9), 971–988 (2023). DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2023.03.039339 (in Russian).
  6. Fedorov, V.M., Frolov, D.M., “Features of annual and monthly irradiation of the Earth in the Late Pleistocene”, Geophysical processes and the biosphere 23 (4), 19–27 (2024). DOI: 10.21455/GPB2024.4-2 (in Russian).
  7. Fedorov, V.M., Kostin, A.A., Frolov, D.M., “Influence of the Shape of the Earth on the Characteristics of the Irradiation of the Earth”, Geophysical processes and the biosphere 19 (3), 119–130 (2020). DOI: 10.21455/GPB2020.3-7 (in Russian).
  8. Fyodorov, V.M., Frolov, D.M., Zalihanov, A.M., “The Solar Climate of the Arctic in the Neopleistocene”, Zhizn Zemli 47 (1), 34–45 (2025). DOI: 10.29003/m4377.0514-7468.2025_47_1/34-45 (in Russian).
  9. Sharaf, Sh.G., Budnikova, N.A., “About the secular changes of the Earth orbital elements which influence the climates of the geological past”, Bull. of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, USSR Academy of Sciences 11 (4) (127), 231–261 (1967) (in Russian).
  10. Shuleykin, V.V., Physics of the sea (Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1953) (in Russian).
  11. Electronic resource of J. Laskar (https://vo.imcce.fr/insola/earth/online/earth/La2004/index.html) (in Russian).
  12. Adhémar, J.A., Revolutions de la mer: déluges périodiques (Paris: Carilian-Goeury et V. Dalmont, 1842).
  13. Bassinot, F.C., Labeyrie, L.D., Vincent, E., Quidelleur, X., Shackleton, N.J., Lancelot, Y., “The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal”, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126, 91–108 (1994).
  14. Berger, A., “Long-term variation of caloric insolation resulting from the Earth’s orbital elements”, Quaternary Research 9, 139–167 (1978).
  15. Brouwer, D., Van Woerkom, A.J.J., “The secular variation of the orbital elements of the principal planets”, Astronomical Papers 13, 81–107 (1950).
  16. Croll, J., Climate and time in their geological relations: a theory of secular changes of the Earth`s climate (London: Edward Stanford, 1875).
  17. Fedorov, V.M., Kostin, A.A., “The Calculation of the Earth’s insolation for the 3000 BC – AD 2999”, Springer Geology I, 181–192 (2020). DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_20.
  18. 18.Imbrie, J., Hays, J.D., Martinson, D.G., Mclntyre, A., Mix, A.C., Morley, J.J., Pisias, N.G., Prell, W.L., Shackleton, N.J., “The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: Support from a revised chrono­logy, of the marine d18O record”, Milanković and Climate, Part 1. Ed. by A. Berger (New York: Springer, 1984).
  19. Kopp, G., Lean, J., “A new lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance”, Geophysical Research Letters 37. L01706 (2011). DOI: 10.1029/2010GL045777.
  20. Laskar, J., Joutel, F., Boudin, F., “Orbital, precessional and insolation quantities for the Earth from – 20 Myr to + 10 Myr”, Astronomy & Astrophysics 287, 522–533 (1993).
  21. Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A.C.M., Levrard, B., “A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth”, Astronomy & Astrophysics 428 (1), 261–285 (2004). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
  22. 22.Lisiecki, L.E., Raymo, M.E., “A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records”, Paleoceanography 20. PA1003, 1–17 (2005). DOI:10.1029/2004PA001071.
  23. Martinson, D.G., Pisias, N.G., Hays, J.D., Imbrie, J., Moore, T.C., Shackleton, N.J., “Age Dating and the Orbital Theory of the Ice Ages: Development of a High-Resolution 0 to 300,000-Year Chronostratigraphy”, Quaternary Research 27, 1–29 (1987).
  24. Milanković, M., Theorie mathematique des phenomenes thermique produits par la radiation solaire (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1920).
  25. Molodkov, A., Bolikhovskaya, N., “Eustatic sea-level and climate changes over the last 600 ka as derived from mollusc-based ESR-chronostratigraphy and pollen evidence in Northern Eurasia”, Sedimentary Geology 150, 185–201 (2002).
  26. Petit, J.R., Jouzel, J.D., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N.I., Barnola, J.-M., Basil,e I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davisk, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V.M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V.Y., Lorius, C., Pepin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzmank, E., Stievenard, M., Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature 399, 429–436 (1999).
  27. Vernekar, A. “Long-period global variations of incoming solar radiation”, Series: Meteorological Monographs. American Meteorological Society 12 (34), 128 p. (1972).