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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 1
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 1

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DOI

10.29003/m4381.0514-7468.2025_47_1/86-96

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Authors:

Moloshnikov, S.V.

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Keywords:

vertebrate palaeontology, palaeoichthyology, placoderm fishes, antiarchs, Paleozoic, olfactory systems, brain.

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Moloshnikov, S.V., “On a reconstruction of the olfactory system and brain in antiarchs (Pisces: Placodermi)”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 1, 86–96 (2025) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m4381.0514-7468.2025_47_1/86-96.

On a reconstruction of the olfactory system and brain in antiarchs (Pisces: Placodermi)

The position of the nasal sacs and nostrils, as well as some features of the brain structure in antiarchs (placoderm fishes) are analyzed, based mainly on the examples of Bothriolepis and Asterolepis. A new possible reconstruction of the olfactory system and brain in antiarchs is proposed. The paired nasal sacs are closely located to the anterior wall of the telencephalon; tracti olfactorii are absent; telencephalon is situated anterior to the diencephalon, as it was reconstructed for other placoderms; and the epiphysis process is elongated. The mesencephalon, cerebellum and medula oblongata, bearing the fossa romboidea, are placed posterior to the diencephalon in the otico-occipital part of the endocranium.

Список литературы

  1. Borisyak, A., Course of Palaeontology. Part II: Vertebrates (Moscow: Izdanie M. and S. Sabashnikovikh, 1906) (in Russian).
  2. Karatayute-Talimaa, V.N., “Genus Asterolepis from the Devonian deposits of the Russian platform”, Problems of the geology of Lithuania (Vilnius: Inst. Geol. Geograph., 1963) (in Russian).
  3. Lyarskaya, L.A., Devonian Placoderms of Baltic States: Asterolepididae (Riga, Zinatne, 1981) (in Russian).
  4. Novitskaya, L.I., “New data on the structure and systematic position of the antiarchs (Antiarchi)”, Transactions (Doklady) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Earth Science Sections. Paleontology 286, 218–221 (1986).
  5. Novitskaya, L.I., Karatayute-Talimaa, V.N., “Type of ontogeny as a criterion in phylogenetic reconstructions of lower vertebrates”, Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1, 3–16 (1989) (in Russian).
  6. Saveliev, S.V., Comparative anatomy of the vertebrate nervous system (Moscow, GEOTAR-MED, 2001) (in Russian).
  7. Béchard, I., Arsenault, F., Cloutier, R., Kerr, J., “The Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis canadensis revisited with three-dimensional digital imagery”, Palaeontologia Electronica 17 (1.2A), 19 p. (2014).
  8. Goodrich, E.S., “Vertebrata Craniata (First Fascicle: Cyclostomes and Fishes)”, A Treatise on Zoology 9 (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1909).
  9. Gross, W., “Gemuendina stuertzi Traquair. Neuuntersuchung”, Notizbl. Hess. Landesamt. Bodenf. 91, 36–73 (1963).
  10. Lukševičs, E., “Structure of the orbitonasal cavity in Asterolepis ornata Eichwald. Part 1”, Latvijas Ģeol. vēstis. 7, 12–18 (1999).
  11. Lukševičs, E., “The orbito-nasal area of Asterolepis ornata, a Middle Devonian placoderm fish”, J. of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (4), 687–692 (2001).
  12. Moloshnikov, S.V., “Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia”, Paleontological J. 42 (7), 691–773 (2008), doi: 10.1134/S0031030108070010.
  13. Patten, W., “New facts concerning Bothriolepis”, The Biological Bull., Marine Biology Laboratory 7 (2), 113–124 (1904).
  14. Stensiö, E.A., “On the head of the macropetalichthyids with certain remarks on the head of the other arthrodires”, Publication of Field Museum of Natural History. Publ. 232. Geol. Series 4 (4), 87–197 (1925).
  15. Stensiö, E., “On the Placodermi of the Upper Devonian of East Greenland. II. Antiarchi: subfamily Bothriolepinae”, Palaeozoologica Groenlandica 2, (København, 1948).
  16. Stensiö, E., “Arthrodires”, Traité de Paléontologie (Paris, 1969).
  17. Woodward, A.S., Outlines of Vertebrate Palaeontology for Students of Zoology (Cambridge, University Press, 1898).
  18. Young, G.C., “Reconstruction of the jaws and braincase in the Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis”, Palaeontology 27 (3), 635–661 (1984).
  19. Zhu, M., Ahlberg, P.E., Pan, Zh., et al., “A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminates jaw evolution”, Science 354 (6310), 334–336 (2016), doi: 10.1126/science.aah3764.
  20. Zhu, M., Janvier, P., “A small antiarch, Minicrania lirouyii gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan (China), with remarks on antiarch phylogeny”, J. of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (1), 1–15 (1996).

References

  1. Borisyak, A., Course of Palaeontology. Part II: Vertebrates (Moscow: Izdanie M. and S. Sabashnikovikh, 1906) (in Russian).
  2. Karatayute-Talimaa, V.N., “Genus Asterolepis from the Devonian deposits of the Russian platform”, Problems of the geology of Lithuania (Vilnius: Inst. Geol. Geograph., 1963) (in Russian).
  3. Lyarskaya, L.A., Devonian Placoderms of Baltic States: Asterolepididae (Riga, Zinatne, 1981) (in Russian).
  4. Novitskaya, L.I., “New data on the structure and systematic position of the antiarchs (Antiarchi)”, Transactions (Doklady) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Earth Science Sections. Paleontology 286, 218–221 (1986).
  5. Novitskaya, L.I., Karatayute-Talimaa, V.N., “Type of ontogeny as a criterion in phylogenetic reconstructions of lower vertebrates”, Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1, 3–16 (1989) (in Russian).
  6. Saveliev, S.V., Comparative anatomy of the vertebrate nervous system (Moscow, GEOTAR-MED, 2001) (in Russian).
  7. Béchard, I., Arsenault, F., Cloutier, R., Kerr, J., “The Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis canadensis revisited with three-dimensional digital imagery”, Palaeontologia Electronica 17 (1.2A), 19 p. (2014).
  8. Goodrich, E.S., “Vertebrata Craniata (First Fascicle: Cyclostomes and Fishes)”, A Treatise on Zoology 9 (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1909).
  9. Gross, W., “Gemuendina stuertzi Traquair. Neuuntersuchung”, Notizbl. Hess. Landesamt. Bodenf. 91, 36–73 (1963).
  10. Lukševičs, E., “Structure of the orbitonasal cavity in Asterolepis ornata Eichwald. Part 1”, Latvijas Ģeol. vēstis. 7, 12–18 (1999).
  11. Lukševičs, E., “The orbito-nasal area of Asterolepis ornata, a Middle Devonian placoderm fish”, J. of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (4), 687–692 (2001).
  12. Moloshnikov, S.V., “Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia”, Paleontological J. 42 (7), 691–773 (2008), doi: 10.1134/S0031030108070010.
  13. Patten, W., “New facts concerning Bothriolepis”, The Biological Bull., Marine Biology Laboratory 7 (2), 113–124 (1904).
  14. Stensiö, E.A., “On the head of the macropetalichthyids with certain remarks on the head of the other arthrodires”, Publication of Field Museum of Natural History. Publ. 232. Geol. Series 4 (4), 87–197 (1925).
  15. Stensiö, E., “On the Placodermi of the Upper Devonian of East Greenland. II. Antiarchi: subfamily Bothriolepinae”, Palaeozoologica Groenlandica 2, (København, 1948).
  16. Stensiö, E., “Arthrodires”, Traité de Paléontologie (Paris, 1969).
  17. Woodward, A.S., Outlines of Vertebrate Palaeontology for Students of Zoology (Cambridge, University Press, 1898).
  18. Young, G.C., “Reconstruction of the jaws and braincase in the Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis”, Palaeontology 27 (3), 635–661 (1984).
  19. Zhu, M., Ahlberg, P.E., Pan, Zh., et al., “A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminates jaw evolution”, Science 354 (6310), 334–336 (2016), doi: 10.1126/science.aah3764.
  20. Zhu, M., Janvier, P., “A small antiarch, Minicrania lirouyii gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan (China), with remarks on antiarch phylogeny”, J. of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (1), 1–15 (1996).