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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 4
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 4

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DOI

10.29003/m4984.0514-7468.2025_47_4/503-513

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Authors:

Snakin, V.V., Mitenko, G.V., Gavrikova, D.V.

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Keywords:

climate system, global warming, specific energy consumption, specific carbon dioxide emissions.

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Snakin, V.V., Mitenko, G.V., Gavrikova, D.V., “Thermal pollution as a significant anthropogenic contribution to global warming”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 4, ?–? (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m4984.0514-7468.2025_47_4/503-513.

Thermal pollution as a significant anthropogenic contribution to global warming

This article examines the anthropogenic contribution to the planet’s climate system due to thermal pollution. Despite the quantitative predominance of solar and geothermal energy in the Earth’s heat balance, anthropogenic heat impacts the planet’s most sensitive shell – the biosphere. Thermal pollution in various countries has been assessed based on specific (per unit area) energy consumption, as all energy consumed by humanity is ultimately converted into heat and released into the biosphere. Specific carbon dioxide emissions also serve as an indirect indicator (marker) of thermal pollution, as fossil fuels remain the primary energy source. Calculated correlation coefficients between thermal pollution indicators (specific energy consumption and CO2 emissions) and climate warming in various regions have revealed a low positive correlation between these indicators (0.17–0.13, respectively), which indicates thermal pollution’s contribution to global warming to be still insignificant. Thus, the current contribution of anthropogenic heat to the climate system is primarily regional, which is undoubtedly important to consider in environmental policy to prevent the negative impact of this factor on the functioning of natural ecosystems. This is especially important in the context of global warming, primarily caused by natural factors.

Список литературы

  1. Snakin, V.V., “Global climate change: forecasts and reality”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 41 (2), 148–164 (2019). DOI: 10.29003/m649.0514-7468.2019_41_2/121-246 (in Russian).
  2. Snakin, V.V., “Low-carbon energy and global warming”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46 (1), 4–19 (2024). DOI: 10.29003/m3770.0514-7468.2024_46_1/4-19 (in Russian).
  3. Snakin, V.V., “Atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming”, Use and protection of natural resources in Russia 2, 39–44 (2025). EDN HSOVRS (in Russian).
  4. Fedorov, V.M., “Evolution of the modern global climate of the Earth and its possible causes”, Georisk XIV (4), 16–29 (2020) (in Russian).
  5. Fedorov, V.M., Chukov, V.S., Frolov, D.M., “Causes of Modern Climate Change in the Arctic”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47 (2), 203–214 (2025). DOI: 10.29003/m4689.0514-7468.2020_47_2/203-214 (in Russian).
  6. Tsegelsky, V.G., “Myths of the Paris Climate Agreement”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (4), 540–555 (2023). DOI: 10.29003/m3535.0514-7468.2019_45_4/540-555 (in Russian).
  7. Evans, R.D., Koyama, A., Sonderegger, D.L., Charlet, T.N., Newingham, B.A., Fensterma­ker, L.F., Harlow, B., Jin, V.L., Ogle, K., Smith, S.D., & Nowak, R.S. “Greater ecosystem carbon in the Mojave Desert after ten years exposure to elevated CO2”, Nat. Clim. Change 4 (5), 394–397 (2014). DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2184.
  8. Evans, R., “Nine Facts about Climate Change”, The Lavoisier Group, November 2006 (https://lavoisier.com.au/articles/greenhouse-science/climate-change/longversionfinal.pdf).
  9. Flanner, M.G., “Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models”, Geophysical Research Letters 36 (2). January 2009. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL036465.
  10. Friis-Christensen, E., and Lassen, K., “Length of the Solar Cycle: An Indicator of Solar Activity Closely Associated with Climate”, Science 1, V. 254 (5032), 698–700 (1991). DOI: 10.1126/science.254.5032.698.
  11. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, 2014 (ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter6.pdf https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter6.pdf).
  12. Mahdavi, P., Ross, M.L. & Simoni, E., “Government efforts to reduce fossil fuel subsidies have failed at a very high rate”, Nat. Clim. Change 15, 471–472 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02304-2.
  13. Petit, J.R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., et al., “Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica”, Nature 399 (6735), 429–436 (1999).
  14. Schöngart, S., Nicholls, Z., Hoffmann, R. et al., “High-income groups disproportionately contribute to climate extremes worldwide”, Nat. Clim. Change 15, 627–633 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02325-x.
  15. Zhao, L., Oleson, K., Bou-Zeid, E., et al., “Global multi-model projections of local urban climates”, Nat. Clim. Change 11, 152–157 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-00958-8.

References

  1. Snakin, V.V., “Global climate change: forecasts and reality”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 41 (2), 148–164 (2019). DOI: 10.29003/m649.0514-7468.2019_41_2/121-246 (in Russian).
  2. Snakin, V.V., “Low-carbon energy and global warming”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46 (1), 4–19 (2024). DOI: 10.29003/m3770.0514-7468.2024_46_1/4-19 (in Russian).
  3. Snakin, V.V., “Atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming”, Use and protection of natural resources in Russia 2, 39–44 (2025). EDN HSOVRS (in Russian).
  4. Fedorov, V.M., “Evolution of the modern global climate of the Earth and its possible causes”, Georisk XIV (4), 16–29 (2020) (in Russian).
  5. Fedorov, V.M., Chukov, V.S., Frolov, D.M., “Causes of Modern Climate Change in the Arctic”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47 (2), 203–214 (2025). DOI: 10.29003/m4689.0514-7468.2020_47_2/203-214 (in Russian).
  6. Tsegelsky, V.G., “Myths of the Paris Climate Agreement”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (4), 540–555 (2023). DOI: 10.29003/m3535.0514-7468.2019_45_4/540-555 (in Russian).
  7. Evans, R.D., Koyama, A., Sonderegger, D.L., Charlet, T.N., Newingham, B.A., Fensterma­ker, L.F., Harlow, B., Jin, V.L., Ogle, K., Smith, S.D., & Nowak, R.S. “Greater ecosystem carbon in the Mojave Desert after ten years exposure to elevated CO2”, Nat. Clim. Change 4 (5), 394–397 (2014). DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2184.
  8. Evans, R., “Nine Facts about Climate Change”, The Lavoisier Group, November 2006 (https://lavoisier.com.au/articles/greenhouse-science/climate-change/longversionfinal.pdf).
  9. Flanner, M.G., “Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models”, Geophysical Research Letters 36 (2). January 2009. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL036465.
  10. Friis-Christensen, E., and Lassen, K., “Length of the Solar Cycle: An Indicator of Solar Activity Closely Associated with Climate”, Science 1, V. 254 (5032), 698–700 (1991). DOI: 10.1126/science.254.5032.698.
  11. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, 2014 (ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter6.pdf https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter6.pdf).
  12. Mahdavi, P., Ross, M.L. & Simoni, E., “Government efforts to reduce fossil fuel subsidies have failed at a very high rate”, Nat. Clim. Change 15, 471–472 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02304-2.
  13. Petit, J.R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., et al., “Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica”, Nature 399 (6735), 429–436 (1999).
  14. Schöngart, S., Nicholls, Z., Hoffmann, R. et al., “High-income groups disproportionately contribute to climate extremes worldwide”, Nat. Clim. Change 15, 627–633 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02325-x.
  15. Zhao, L., Oleson, K., Bou-Zeid, E., et al., “Global multi-model projections of local urban climates”, Nat. Clim. Change 11, 152–157 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-00958-8.