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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45, no 2
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45, no 2

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DOI

10.29003/m3455.0514-7468.2023_45_2/268-279

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Authors:

Tserkovnikova, Е.А.

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Keywords:

ethnographic drawing; museum; tradition culture; Markovo village; Chukotka Peninsula

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Tserkovnikova, Е.А., “Ethnographic subjects in the drawings of a parish school’s pupils (based on the materials of the museum of the village of Markovo, Chukotka Peninsula)”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45, no 2, 268–279 (2023) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m3455.0514-7468.2023_45_2/268-279.

ETHNOGRAPHIC SUBJECTS IN THE DRAWINGS OF A PARISH SCHOOL’S PUPILS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MUSEUM OF THE VILLAGE OF MARKOVO, CHUKOTKA PENINSULA)

The article is devoted to children’s pencil drawings, which are stored in the museum of the village of Markovo (Chukotka Peninsula). In the 1890s, these pictures were drawn by the pupils of the church parish school of this village and conveyed some events took place in the life of the rural inhabitants. The children took part in the traditional household and reflected what they saw in their drawings. The drawings did not become museum documents at once; they were kept in private archives before. In the 1990s, the drawings were transferred to the rural museum. Each one was named according to the depicted subject. For example, “Training the reindeer in sledge driving and riding”, “Reindeer racing”, “The end of migration”. Eleven drawings are preserved. The aim of the paper is to analyze the drawings and explain the ethnographic information therein. The author systematized the drawings by themes: “The traditional method of the reindeer herder’s economy”, “The traditional hunting for wild deer”. In the drawings, each character performs some kind of action. Men are depicted in the process of controlling a deer, firing a gun, driving a boat, or while hunting. Women are depicted in their traditional clothes – fur overalls. In the drawings, women carry water in buckets, control a deer and walk with children. One woman is depicted riding a deer as a racer. Children are drawn shorter than adults. The pupils tried to depict features of the structure of animals. In the drawings, the raindeer have branchy antlers and thick wool under their necks. Details of the images reflect ethnographic information about the methods of managing domestic raindeer, traditional transport and clothing. The interaction among different cultures is depicted in the pictures as well. Today, these drawings are a unique heritage because they convey historical events and ethnographic information.

Список литературы

  1. Bogoraz, W., “An essay on the material life of the Reindeer Chukchi, compiled on the basis of the collections of N.L. Gondatti, stored in the Ethnographic Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences”, Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography at the Imp. Acad. Sciences 1, 1–66 (1901) (in Russian).
  2. Bogoraz, W., The Chukchi: Their material culture (Moscow: LIBROKOM, 2011) (in Russian).
  3. Vigotsky, L.S., “Problem of the cultural development of children (1928)”, Bull. of Moscow University, Ser. 14, Psychology 4, 5–18 (1991) (in Russian).
  4. Gondatti, N.L., “Information about the villages along the Anadyr River. Settled population of the Anadyr river”, Transactions of the Priamyrsky section IRGO 3 (1), 71–165 (1897) (in Russian).
  5. Gunchenko, E.V., “Educated chuvanets A.E. Diachkov”, Historical monuments of Kolyma and Chukotka (Magadan, 1971, p. 19–26) (in Russian).
  6. Dikov, N.N., Rock riddles of the ancient Chukotka. Petroglyphs of Pegtymel (Moscow, 1971) (in Russian).
  7. Diachkov, A.E., “Anadyr region. The manuscript by a resident of the village of Markovo Mr. Dyachkov”, Notes of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region 2 (1893) (in Russian).
  8. Zhikharev, N.A., Story of Afanasy Dyachkov. Anadyr region. The manuscript of a resident of the village of Markovo (Magadan, 1992) (in Russian).
  9. Levin, M.G., Potapov, L.P. (eds.), Historical and Ethnographic Atlas of Siberia. (Moscow–Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1961) (in Russian).
  10. Kopylov, I.L., “Local history in children’s drawing”, Bull. of the East Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society 6, 47–48 (1925) (in Russian).
  11. Kotkin, K.Ya., “Images of the Soviet utopia: between the oblivion of tradition and the memory of it (drawings of Sami schoolchildren of the turn of the 1920–1930s from V. Charnolusky’s archive)”, Kunstkamera 1 (3), 105–116 (2019) (in Russian).
  12. Kulikova, I.V., Deer in the language, in the life and in the soul of the Chukchi (Saint-Petersburg: LEMA, 2016) (in Russian).
  13. Mead, M., Culture and the world of childhood. Selected works (Moscow: Nauka, 1988) (in Russian).
  14. Kolomiets, O.P., Krupnik, I.I. (eds.), Applied ethnology of Chukotka: indigenous knowledge, museums, cultural heritage (On the 125th anniversary of N.L. Gondatti’s trip to the Chukchi Peninsula in 1895) (Moscow: PressPass, 2020) (in Russian).
  15. Suvorova, P.E., “A foreign cultural code in children’s art text”, Society: philosophy, history, culture 1, 95–97 (2016) (in Russian).
  16. Trebukhovsky, P.F., “Children’s drawing of the indigenous peoples of Siberia”, Siberian living antiquity 2 (6), 113–164 (1926) (in Russian).
  17. Khoroshikh, P.P., “About the study of children’s drawings of native tribes of Siberia: Experience of instruction”, Siberian living antiquity 3–4, 401–416 (1925) (in Russian).
  18. Schmit, F.I., “Museum of Children’s Creativity”, Museological thought in Russia of the 18th–20th centuries: Collection of documents and materials (2010) (in Russian).

References

  1. Bogoraz, W., “An essay on the material life of the Reindeer Chukchi, compiled on the basis of the collections of N.L. Gondatti, stored in the Ethnographic Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences”, Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography at the Imp. Acad. Sciences 1, 1–66 (1901) (in Russian).
  2. Bogoraz, W., The Chukchi: Their material culture (Moscow: LIBROKOM, 2011) (in Russian).
  3. Vigotsky, L.S., “Problem of the cultural development of children (1928)”, Bull. of Moscow University, Ser. 14, Psychology 4, 5–18 (1991) (in Russian).
  4. Gondatti, N.L., “Information about the villages along the Anadyr River. Settled population of the Anadyr river”, Transactions of the Priamyrsky section IRGO 3 (1), 71–165 (1897) (in Russian).
  5. Gunchenko, E.V., “Educated chuvanets A.E. Diachkov”, Historical monuments of Kolyma and Chukotka (Magadan, 1971, p. 19–26) (in Russian).
  6. Dikov, N.N., Rock riddles of the ancient Chukotka. Petroglyphs of Pegtymel (Moscow, 1971) (in Russian).
  7. Diachkov, A.E., “Anadyr region. The manuscript by a resident of the village of Markovo Mr. Dyachkov”, Notes of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region 2 (1893) (in Russian).
  8. Zhikharev, N.A., Story of Afanasy Dyachkov. Anadyr region. The manuscript of a resident of the village of Markovo (Magadan, 1992) (in Russian).
  9. Levin, M.G., Potapov, L.P. (eds.), Historical and Ethnographic Atlas of Siberia. (Moscow–Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1961) (in Russian).
  10. Kopylov, I.L., “Local history in children’s drawing”, Bull. of the East Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society 6, 47–48 (1925) (in Russian).
  11. Kotkin, K.Ya., “Images of the Soviet utopia: between the oblivion of tradition and the memory of it (drawings of Sami schoolchildren of the turn of the 1920–1930s from V. Charnolusky’s archive)”, Kunstkamera 1 (3), 105–116 (2019) (in Russian).
  12. Kulikova, I.V., Deer in the language, in the life and in the soul of the Chukchi (Saint-Petersburg: LEMA, 2016) (in Russian).
  13. Mead, M., Culture and the world of childhood. Selected works (Moscow: Nauka, 1988) (in Russian).
  14. Kolomiets, O.P., Krupnik, I.I. (eds.), Applied ethnology of Chukotka: indigenous knowledge, museums, cultural heritage (On the 125th anniversary of N.L. Gondatti’s trip to the Chukchi Peninsula in 1895) (Moscow: PressPass, 2020) (in Russian).
  15. Suvorova, P.E., “A foreign cultural code in children’s art text”, Society: philosophy, history, culture 1, 95–97 (2016) (in Russian).
  16. Trebukhovsky, P.F., “Children’s drawing of the indigenous peoples of Siberia”, Siberian living antiquity 2 (6), 113–164 (1926) (in Russian).
  17. Khoroshikh, P.P., “About the study of children’s drawings of native tribes of Siberia: Experience of instruction”, Siberian living antiquity 3–4, 401–416 (1925) (in Russian).
  18. Schmit, F.I., “Museum of Children’s Creativity”, Museological thought in Russia of the 18th–20th centuries: Collection of documents and materials (2010) (in Russian).