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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 4
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 4

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DOI

10.29003/m4987.0514-7468.2025_47_4/539-549

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Authors:

Bulatkin, G.A.

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Keywords:

Paris Climate Agreement, new model for calculating the carbon footprint of field crops, direct and indirect CO2 emissions in agroecosystems, final carbon footprint, grain crops, clover, corn, mineral fertilizers, humus balance in soils.

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Bulatkin, G.A., “Model for calculating the carbon footprint of field crops and CO2 flows in crop rotation on gray forest soils of the southern Moscow region”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 47, no 4, 539–549 (2025) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m4987.0514-7468.2025_47_4/539-549.

Model for calculating the carbon footprint of field crops and CO2 flows in crop rotation on gray forest soils of the southern Moscow region

A new multi-level model for calculating the carbon footprint of agroecosystem products is proposed. The concept of “final carbon footprint” is introduced, which includes both direct CO2 emissions from the operation of tractors, combines, oxidation of soil humus, CO2-eq. during the transformation of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil, and indirect CO2 emissions – carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere during the production of tractors, combines, tillage equipment, mineral fertilizers etc.
Based on the results of field experiments on gray forest soils in the Southern Moscow region, it is shown that when applying average doses of mineral fertilizers to field crops, the indirect CO2 emissions are comparable to the CO2 input from organic fuel oxidation when machinery is operating in the field. At higher doses of fertilizers, the indirect emissions are significantly greater than the CO2 emissions from machinery operation. In order of increasing CO2 emissions per 1 ha of sowing, crops on gray forest soils are arranged as follows: corn for silage > barley > winter wheat > clover.
Clover is a carbon-negative crop (−1.7 t/ha CO2), i.e., CO2 sequestration in the soil exceeds all CO2 emissions from hay crop production. The final carbon footprint for grain crops, calculated using the standard method, was as follows: for winter wheat (with a fertilizer dose of N40P40K40) – 116 kg CO2 per 1 centner of grain, for barley (with a dose of N60P40K40) – 104 kg CO2 per 1 centner of grain. The final carbon footprint, taking into account the aftereffects of predecessors, was: for winter wheat (predecessor: two-year clover) – 48 kg CO2 per 1 centner of grain; for barley (predecessor: silage corn) – 113 kg CO2 per 1 centner of grain.

Список литературы

  1. Bulatkin, G.A., Ecological and energetic bases of optimization of the productivity of agroecosystems (Moscow: NIA-Priroda, 2008) (in Russian).
  2. Kozlov, D., “Soil carbon in agroecosystems as a subject of monitoring”, Resource-saving agriculture 61 (01), 20–24 (2024) (in Russian).
  3. Krasnoyarova, B.A., Nazarenko, A.E., Sharabarina, S.N., Plutalova, T.G., “Carbon footprint of agricultural land use in the steppe regions of the Altai region”, Steppes of Northern Eurasia. Proc. of the X Int. Symposium (Int. Steppe Forum), 622–626. DOI: 10.24412/cl-37200-2024-622-626.
  4. Kudeyarov, V.N., “Intensity of nitrogen cycle processes in soil with the use of nitrogen fertilizers”, Bull. of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Biol. Ser. 5, 660–669 (1982) (in Russian).
  5. Kudeyarov, V.N., “Emission factor of nitrous oxide when using nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture in Russia”, Agrochemistry 11, 3–15 (2021) (in Russian).
  6. Lykov, A.M., “On the methodology of calculation of the humus balance of soil in intensive agriculture”, Bull. of the TSA 6, 14–20 (1979) (in Russian).
  7. Lukmanova, A.A., Kadyrova, F.Z., Safin, R.I., “Assessment of the suitability of different varieties of spring wheat for carbon farming”, Agrobiotechnology and digital farming 1 (5), 27–33 (2023) (in Russian).
  8. Orlova, L.V., Fomin, A.A., Toigildin, A.L., Dridiger, V.K., Platonov, V.I., Trots, N.M., “New paradigm for agricultural development”, Int. Agricultural J. 3 (67), 357–360 (2024) (in Russian).
  9. Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated May 27, 2022. No. 371 “On approval of methods for quantitative determination of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas absorption volumes” (https://docs.cntd.ru›document/350962750) (in Russian).
  10. Snakin, V.V., “Low-carbon energy and global warming”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46 (1), 4–19 (2024). DOI: 10.29003/m3770.0514-7468. 2024_46_1/4-19 (in Russian).
  11. Fedorov, V.V., Altunin, I.V., Frolov, D.M., “The influence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide on the thermal regime of the atmosphere and its changes’, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 44 (4), 402–414 (2022). DOI: 10.29003/m3115.0514-7468.2022_44_4/402-414 (in Russian).
  12. Tsegelsky, V.G., “Myths of the Paris Climate Agreement”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (4), 540–555 (2023). DOI: 10.29003/m3535.0514-7468.2019_45_4/540-555 (in Russian).
  13. What is the European Green Deal? (https://www.еeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files.pdf) (in Russian).
  14. Chuvakhina, L.G., “Priorities of the US agricultural policy to support agricultural producers and ensure dominance in the global food market”, Int. Agricultural J. 67 (3), 322–325 (2024). DOI: 10.55187/25876740_67_3.322 (in Russian).
  15. Majeed, Safa, Sandhya, Samarasinghe, “CO2 emissions from farm inputs. Case study of wheat production in Canterbury”, New Zealand. Environ. Pollution 171, 126–132 (2012) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.032).
  16. Paris Agreement… English (https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf).
  17. Shcherbak, I., Millar, N., Robertson, G.P., “Global metaanalysis of nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen”, PNAS 111 (25), 9199–9204 (2014).

References

  1. Bulatkin, G.A., Ecological and energetic bases of optimization of the productivity of agroecosystems (Moscow: NIA-Priroda, 2008) (in Russian).
  2. Kozlov, D., “Soil carbon in agroecosystems as a subject of monitoring”, Resource-saving agriculture 61 (01), 20–24 (2024) (in Russian).
  3. Krasnoyarova, B.A., Nazarenko, A.E., Sharabarina, S.N., Plutalova, T.G., “Carbon footprint of agricultural land use in the steppe regions of the Altai region”, Steppes of Northern Eurasia. Proc. of the X Int. Symposium (Int. Steppe Forum), 622–626. DOI: 10.24412/cl-37200-2024-622-626.
  4. Kudeyarov, V.N., “Intensity of nitrogen cycle processes in soil with the use of nitrogen fertilizers”, Bull. of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Biol. Ser. 5, 660–669 (1982) (in Russian).
  5. Kudeyarov, V.N., “Emission factor of nitrous oxide when using nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture in Russia”, Agrochemistry 11, 3–15 (2021) (in Russian).
  6. Lykov, A.M., “On the methodology of calculation of the humus balance of soil in intensive agriculture”, Bull. of the TSA 6, 14–20 (1979) (in Russian).
  7. Lukmanova, A.A., Kadyrova, F.Z., Safin, R.I., “Assessment of the suitability of different varieties of spring wheat for carbon farming”, Agrobiotechnology and digital farming 1 (5), 27–33 (2023) (in Russian).
  8. Orlova, L.V., Fomin, A.A., Toigildin, A.L., Dridiger, V.K., Platonov, V.I., Trots, N.M., “New paradigm for agricultural development”, Int. Agricultural J. 3 (67), 357–360 (2024) (in Russian).
  9. Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated May 27, 2022. No. 371 “On approval of methods for quantitative determination of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas absorption volumes” (https://docs.cntd.ru›document/350962750) (in Russian).
  10. Snakin, V.V., “Low-carbon energy and global warming”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46 (1), 4–19 (2024). DOI: 10.29003/m3770.0514-7468. 2024_46_1/4-19 (in Russian).
  11. Fedorov, V.V., Altunin, I.V., Frolov, D.M., “The influence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide on the thermal regime of the atmosphere and its changes’, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 44 (4), 402–414 (2022). DOI: 10.29003/m3115.0514-7468.2022_44_4/402-414 (in Russian).
  12. Tsegelsky, V.G., “Myths of the Paris Climate Agreement”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (4), 540–555 (2023). DOI: 10.29003/m3535.0514-7468.2019_45_4/540-555 (in Russian).
  13. What is the European Green Deal? (https://www.еeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files.pdf) (in Russian).
  14. Chuvakhina, L.G., “Priorities of the US agricultural policy to support agricultural producers and ensure dominance in the global food market”, Int. Agricultural J. 67 (3), 322–325 (2024). DOI: 10.55187/25876740_67_3.322 (in Russian).
  15. Majeed, Safa, Sandhya, Samarasinghe, “CO2 emissions from farm inputs. Case study of wheat production in Canterbury”, New Zealand. Environ. Pollution 171, 126–132 (2012) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.032).
  16. Paris Agreement… English (https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf).
  17. Shcherbak, I., Millar, N., Robertson, G.P., “Global metaanalysis of nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen”, PNAS 111 (25), 9199–9204 (2014).