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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45, no 4
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45, no 4

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DOI

10.29003/m3535.0514-7468.2019_45_4/540-555

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Authors:

Tsegelskiy, V.G.

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Keywords:

Paris Agreement, carbon energy, renewable energy, ice age, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, entropy production, hysteresis.

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Tsegelskiy, V.G., “Myths of the Paris agreement”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45, no 4, 540–555 (2023) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m3535.0514-7468.2019_45_4/540-555.

MYTHS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT

The groundlessness of the Paris Agreement (2015) is proven, which asserts the culpability of carbon energy in the sharp increase of the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. The carbon energy’s share of this gas in the atmosphere is shown not to exceed 1 %. The influence of the Earth’s albedo and the energy used by mankind on the increase in atmospheric temperature is compared. The thermal “pollution” of the atmosphere from carbon energy is shown to be much less than that from hydrogen, solar or wind energy. The absence of a deserving alternative to carbon energy is proven. Processes affecting the state of the atmosphere and its corresponding climate are analyzed on the basis of general laws of the evolution of nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems. The causes of the alternation of glacial and interglacial periods with different time durations in the history of the Earth are explained. The transitions between these periods are shown to proceed through chaotically changing states and demonstrate hysteresis. It is noted that the currently observed chaotic climate change corresponds to chaotic transitions of any nonequilibrium thermodynamic system from one quasi-stationary state to another.

Список литературы

  1. Alexeyev, G.V., “Development and amplification of global warming in the Arctic”, Fundamental and Applied Climatology 1, 11–26 (2015) (in Russian).
  2. Arutyunov, V.S., “Energy resources of the 21st century: problems and forecasts. Can renewable energy sources replace fossil fuels?”, Russ. Chem. Rev. 86 (8), 777–804 (2017).
  3. Arutyunov, V.S., “On Forecasts of the Global Energy Transition”, ECO 7, 51–66 (2022). DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2022-7-51-66 (in Russian).
  4. Dergachev, V.A., “Solar activity, cosmic rays and Earth’s temperature reconstructions over the last two millennia. Part 2. Analysis of the relationship of global temperature changes with natural processes”, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 55 (2), 147–160 (2015) (in Russian).
  5. Zavaleyev, I.S., Kupriyanova, M.N., “Greenhouse gas emissions and their relationship with energy production”, SOC 9, 82–89 (2019) (in Russian).
  6. Kapitsa, P.L., “Energy and Physics”, UFN 118 (2), 307–314 (1976) (in Russian).
  7. Kirillin, V.A., Sychev, V.V., Sheindlin, A.E., Technical thermodynamics (Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1983) (in Russian).
  8. Klimenko, V.V., Klimenko, A.V., Mikushina, A.G., Tereshin, A.G., “Avoiding warming by 2 °C is an impossible mission”, Teploenergetika 9, 3–8 (2016) (in Russian).
  9. Kokin, A.V., Kokin, A.A., Modern ecological myths and utopias (St. Petersburg, 2008) (in Russian).
  10. Komarov, S.M., “The hydrogen dream collapsed?”, Chemistry and Life 6, 2–7 (in Russian).
  11. Korytnyi, L.M., Veselova, V.N., “Myths and reefs of the climatic agenda”, ECO 7, 8–30 (2022). DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2022-7-8-30 (in Russian).
  12. Malinin, V.N., Vainovsky, P.A., “Trends in moisture exchange components in the ocean-atmosphere system under global warning according to the Reanalysis-2 archive”, Modern problems of remote sensing of the Earth from space 18 (3), 9–25 (2021) (in Russian).
  13. Smurov, A.V., Shapovalov, A.B., “Energy and biosphere of V.I. Vernadsky”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (1), 4–14 (2023). DOI 10.29003/m3145.0514-7468.2023_45_1/4-14 (in Russian).
  14. Snakin, V.V., “Global climate changes: forecasts and reality”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 41 (2), 148–164 (2019) (in Russian).
  15. Snakin, V.V., “Dynamics of global natural processes and V.I. Vernadsky’s teaching of the Biosphere”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (1), 27–38 (2023). DOI: 10.29003/m3147.0514-7468.2023_45_1/27-38 (in Russian).
  16. Fedorov, V.M., Golubev, V.N., Frolov, D.M., “Multiyear variability of Earth’s insolation and carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 40 (1), 12–21 (2018) (in Russian).
  17. Tsegelsky, V.G., “On application of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for solving of hydrodynamic problems and definition of human activity influence on Earth climate”, J. of Advanced Research in Technical Science, North Charleston, USA 6, 23–47 (2017) (in Russian).
  18. Tsegelsky, V.G., Evolution of Thermodynamic Systems being Far from Equilibrium (Moscow: Publishing House at N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2021) (in Russian)
  19. Tsegelskiy, V.G., “Comparison of the impacts of carbon and «green» energy on the Earth’s climate from the perspective of non-equilibrium thermodynamics”, J. of Advanced Research in Natural Science, Sydney, Australia 18, 18–41 (2023). DOI:10.26160/2572-4347-2023-18-18-41 (in Russian).
  20. Goode, P.R., Pmko, A., Shoumko, S., Montañes-Rodriguez, & S.E. Koonin, “Earth’s Albedo 1998–2017 as Measured From. Earthshine”, Geophysical Research Letters, 1–8 (2021). DOI:10.1029/2021GL094888.
  21. Humlum, O., Solheim, J.-E., Stordahl, K., “The Phase Relation between Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Global Temperature”, Global and Planetary Change 100, 51–69 (2013). DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.
  22. Tsegelskiy, V.G., “Thermodynamic analysis of the impact of world energy and other aspects of human activity on the approach of the ice age on Earth”, J. of Advanced Research in Technical Science, North Charleston, USA 9–1, 5–20 (2018).
  23. Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports (PDF) (2008). 24 р.

References

  1. Alexeyev, G.V., “Development and amplification of global warming in the Arctic”, Fundamental and Applied Climatology 1, 11–26 (2015) (in Russian).
  2. Arutyunov, V.S., “Energy resources of the 21st century: problems and forecasts. Can renewable energy sources replace fossil fuels?”, Russ. Chem. Rev. 86 (8), 777–804 (2017).
  3. Arutyunov, V.S., “On Forecasts of the Global Energy Transition”, ECO 7, 51–66 (2022). DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2022-7-51-66 (in Russian).
  4. Dergachev, V.A., “Solar activity, cosmic rays and Earth’s temperature reconstructions over the last two millennia. Part 2. Analysis of the relationship of global temperature changes with natural processes”, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 55 (2), 147–160 (2015) (in Russian).
  5. Zavaleyev, I.S., Kupriyanova, M.N., “Greenhouse gas emissions and their relationship with energy production”, SOC 9, 82–89 (2019) (in Russian).
  6. Kapitsa, P.L., “Energy and Physics”, UFN 118 (2), 307–314 (1976) (in Russian).
  7. Kirillin, V.A., Sychev, V.V., Sheindlin, A.E., Technical thermodynamics (Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1983) (in Russian).
  8. Klimenko, V.V., Klimenko, A.V., Mikushina, A.G., Tereshin, A.G., “Avoiding warming by 2 °C is an impossible mission”, Teploenergetika 9, 3–8 (2016) (in Russian).
  9. Kokin, A.V., Kokin, A.A., Modern ecological myths and utopias (St. Petersburg, 2008) (in Russian).
  10. Komarov, S.M., “The hydrogen dream collapsed?”, Chemistry and Life 6, 2–7 (in Russian).
  11. Korytnyi, L.M., Veselova, V.N., “Myths and reefs of the climatic agenda”, ECO 7, 8–30 (2022). DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2022-7-8-30 (in Russian).
  12. Malinin, V.N., Vainovsky, P.A., “Trends in moisture exchange components in the ocean-atmosphere system under global warning according to the Reanalysis-2 archive”, Modern problems of remote sensing of the Earth from space 18 (3), 9–25 (2021) (in Russian).
  13. Smurov, A.V., Shapovalov, A.B., “Energy and biosphere of V.I. Vernadsky”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (1), 4–14 (2023). DOI 10.29003/m3145.0514-7468.2023_45_1/4-14 (in Russian).
  14. Snakin, V.V., “Global climate changes: forecasts and reality”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 41 (2), 148–164 (2019) (in Russian).
  15. Snakin, V.V., “Dynamics of global natural processes and V.I. Vernadsky’s teaching of the Biosphere”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 45 (1), 27–38 (2023). DOI: 10.29003/m3147.0514-7468.2023_45_1/27-38 (in Russian).
  16. Fedorov, V.M., Golubev, V.N., Frolov, D.M., “Multiyear variability of Earth’s insolation and carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 40 (1), 12–21 (2018) (in Russian).
  17. Tsegelsky, V.G., “On application of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for solving of hydrodynamic problems and definition of human activity influence on Earth climate”, J. of Advanced Research in Technical Science, North Charleston, USA 6, 23–47 (2017) (in Russian).
  18. Tsegelsky, V.G., Evolution of Thermodynamic Systems being Far from Equilibrium (Moscow: Publishing House at N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2021) (in Russian)
  19. Tsegelskiy, V.G., “Comparison of the impacts of carbon and «green» energy on the Earth’s climate from the perspective of non-equilibrium thermodynamics”, J. of Advanced Research in Natural Science, Sydney, Australia 18, 18–41 (2023). DOI:10.26160/2572-4347-2023-18-18-41 (in Russian).
  20. Goode, P.R., Pmko, A., Shoumko, S., Montañes-Rodriguez, & S.E. Koonin, “Earth’s Albedo 1998–2017 as Measured From. Earthshine”, Geophysical Research Letters, 1–8 (2021). DOI:10.1029/2021GL094888.
  21. Humlum, O., Solheim, J.-E., Stordahl, K., “The Phase Relation between Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Global Temperature”, Global and Planetary Change 100, 51–69 (2013). DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.
  22. Tsegelskiy, V.G., “Thermodynamic analysis of the impact of world energy and other aspects of human activity on the approach of the ice age on Earth”, J. of Advanced Research in Technical Science, North Charleston, USA 9–1, 5–20 (2018).
  23. Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports (PDF) (2008). 24 р.