The thermal evolution of the permafrost in the sedimentary section of the Tyumen superdeep SG-6 well has been numerically reconstructed using the ICE2020 software package, which is part of the GALO flat basin modeling system. The thermal evolution of the sedimentary strata in the last 3.5 My is considered as the final stage of the basin modeling, whose formation began with continental rifting in the Late Permian. Abrupt climate changes in the late Pliocene–Holocene led to a decrease in the rock temperature by 15–20°C in the upper 1–1.5 km of the SG-6 sedimentary section. The maximum thickness of the permafrost in the study area was about 711 m, reached 2.6 Mya. The maximum thickness of the permafrost for the last ice age (23–18 thous and years ago) was 412 m, reached about 14.5 thousand years ago. According to our modeling, the modern base of the permafrost is at the depth of 311 m and is degrading with the rate about 13 m/1000 y. The results of our calculations with a database of climatic data limited to the last 50 and 100 thousand years differ markedly from the modeling results with the complete database for the last 3.5 My.
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46, no 2
Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46, no 2
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Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46, no 2
Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46, no 2
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10.29003/m4154.0514-7468.2023_46_2/144-162
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Galushkin Yu.I.
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Keywords:
SG-6 well, rock temperature, permafrost, heat flow, basin modeling.
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Galushkin, Yu.I., “Thermal history of the permafrost formation in the sedimentary section of the Tyumen superdeep SG-6 well”, Zhizn Zemli [Life of the Earth] 46, no 2, 144–162 (2024) (in Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI: 10.29003/m4154.0514-7468.2023_46_2/144-162.
Thermal history of the permafrost formation in the sedimentary section of the Tyumen superdeep SG-6 well
Список литературы
- Arkhipov, S.A., Volkova, V.S., Zykin, V.S., “Calendar of biotic and abiotic events of the Late Cenozoic of Western Siberia”, Stratig. Geol. correlation 1 (6), 53–58 (1993) (in Russian).
- Astakhov, V.I., “On the Late Cenozoic history of the west of the Eurasian Arctic”, Bull. of St. Petersburg University, ser. 7 1, 3–20 (in Russian).
- Balobaev, V.T., Permafrost geothermy of the lithosphere of Northern Asia (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1991) (in Russian).
- Balobaev, V.T., Tetelbaum, A.S., Mordovsky, S.D., “2D numerical model of the hydrodynamic field under the permafrost zone with variations in its thickness”, Cryosphere of the Earth III (4), 48–53 (1999) (in Russian).
- Belokon-Karaseva, T.V., Bashkova, S.E., Belyaeva, G.L., et al., Oil and gas prospects of deep-seated sediments in the north of Western Siberia according to ultra-deep drilling data. 2006 (http://www.geolib.ru/OilGasGeo/2006/06/Stat/stat01.html) (in Russian).
- Belyaeva, G.L., Patterns of changes in the degree of catagenesis of OM in rocks of great depths in connection with the forecast of oil and gas content (using the example of deep and ultra-deep wells). PhD thesis abstract (Perm, 2005) (in Russian).
- Velichko, A.A. (ed.), Climate and landscape changes over the past 65 million years (Cenozoic: from Paleocene to Holocene) (Moscow: GEOS, 1999) (in Russian).
- Gavrilov, A.V., “Typification of the Arctic shelves according to the conditions of formation of frozen strata”, Cryosphere of the Earth XII (3), 69–79 (2008) (in Russian).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Modeling of sedimentary basins and assessment of their oil and gas potential (Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 2007) (in Russian).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., “Thermal history of the lithosphere of the Koltogorsk–Urengoy graben of the West Siberian basin in the area of the SG-6 well – numerical reconstruction using the GALO flat basin modeling system”, Physics of the Earth 4, 115–134 (2023) (in Russian).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Sitar, K.A., Frolov, S.V., “Formation and degradation of cryogenic strata in the Urengoy and Kuyumba areas of Siberia. Part 2. Influence of thermophysical parameters of frozen rocks on the temperature and heat flow distributions with depth in the sedimentary blanket”, Cryosphere of the Earth XVI (2), 23–29 (2012) (in Russian).
- Duchkov, A.D., Lysak, S.V., Balobaev, V.T., et al. Thermal field of Siberia (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987) (in Russian).
- Yershov, E.D. (ed.), Geocryology of the USSR: Western Siberia (Moscow: Nedra, 1989) (in Russian).
- Istomin, V.A., Yakushev, V.S., Gas hydrates in natural conditions (Moscow: Nedra, 1992) (in Russian).
- Kontorovich, A.E., Nesterov, I.I., Salmanov, F.K., et al. Geology of oil and gas of Western Siberia (Moscow: Nedra, 1975) (in Russian).
- Kravchenko, M.N., Resource potential of hydrocarbons of the Lower-Middle Jurassic and pre-Jurassic deep horizons of the sedimentary cover of the northern regions of the West Siberian oil and gas province. PhD thesis abstract (Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2012) (in Russian).
- Kudryavtsev, V.A., Permafrost studies (Moscow: Publishing house of Moscow Univ., 1981) (in Russian).
- Kudryavtsev, S.A., “Numerical studies of thermophysical processes in seasonally freezing soils”, Cryosphere of the Earth VII (4), 76–81 (2003) (in Russian).
- Kurchikov, A.R., Hydrogeological criteria for oil and gas potential (Moscow: Nedra, 1992) (in Russian).
- Myasnikova, G.P., Oxenoyd, E.E., “Some geological results of ultra-deep drilling in Western Siberia”, Oil and Gas 3, 13–19 (2012) (in Russian).
- Oblogov, G.E., Evolution of the permafrost of the coast and shelf of the Kara Sea in the Late Neopleistocene–Holocene. PhD thesis abstract (Tyumen, 2015) (in Russian).
- Polyakova, I.D., Bogoyavlensky, V.I., “The Bazhenov Formation as a source of industrial oils and fatty gases in the Tithonian–Neocomian deposits of the South Kara region”, Doklady Akademii Nauk 440 (1), 105–110 (2011) (in Russian).
- Predtechenskaya, E.A., Shiganova, O.V., Fomichev, A.S., “Catagenetic and hydrochemical anomalies in the Lower-Middle Jurassic oil and gas deposits of Western Siberia as indicators of fluid dynamic processes in zones of disjunctive disturbances”, Lithosphere 6, 54–65 (2009) (in Russian).
- Rosenbaum, G.E., Shpolyanskaya, N.A., Late Cenozoic history of the Arctic cryolithozone (Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 2000) (in Russian).
- Sigunov, Yu.A., Fartyshev, A.I., “Studies of the evolution of the permafrost zone of the Arctic shelf using mathematical modeling methods”, Geology and Geophysics 8, 24–31 (1991) (in Russian).
- Sigunov, Yu.A., Fartyshev, A.I., “Freezing and thawing of the East Arctic shelf in the Late Pleistocene (computational experiment)”, Geology and Geophysics 36 (9), 36–41 (1995) (in Russian).
- Fomin, A.N., Kontorovich, A.E., Krasavchikov, V.O., “Catagenesis of organic matter and prospects for oil and gas potential of Jurassic, Triassic and Paleozoic deposits in the northern regions of the West Siberian megabasin”, Geology and Geophysics 42 (11–12), 1875–1887 (2001) (in Russian).
- Fotiev, S.M., “Modern concepts of the evolution of cryogenic regions of Western and Eastern Siberia in the Pleistocene and Holocene (part 1)”, Cryosphere of the Earth IX (2), 3–22 (2005) (in Russian).
- Fotiev, S.M., “Modern concepts of the evolution of cryogenic regions of Western and Eastern Siberia in the Pleistocene and Holocene (part 2)”, Cryosphere of the Earth X (2), 3–26 (2006) (in Russian).
- Carslaw, H., Jaeger, J., Conduction of heat in solids, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959).
- Deming, D., Chapman, D.S., “Thermal histories and hydrocarbon generation: Example from Utah-Wyoming thrust belt”, AAPG Bull. 73 (12), 1455–1471 (1989).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., “Numerical simulation of permafrost evolution as a part of basin modeling: permafrost in Pliocene-Holocene climate history of Urengoy field in West Siberian basin”, Canad. J. Earth Science 34 (7), 935–948 (1997).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., “Thermal history of the permafrost zone in the vicinity of the deep Tyumen SG-6 well, West Siberian Basin”, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 134 (1), 108–121 (2023) (http://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2168).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Simonenkova O.I., and Lopatin N.V., “Thermal and maturity maturation modeling of the Urengoy field, West Siberian basin: some special considerations in basin modeling”, AAPG Bull. 83 (12), 1965–1979 (1999).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Yakovlev, G.E., “Burial and thermal history of the West Bashkirian sedimentary basins”, Tectonophysics 379, 139–157 (2004).
- Jame, Y-W., Norum, D.I., “Heat and mass transfer in a freezing unsaturated porous medium”, Water resources research 16 (4), 811–819 (1980).
- Lachenbruch, A.H., Sass, J.H., Marshall, B.V., et al., “Permafrost, heat flow and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska”, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9301–9316 (1982).
- Lebret, P., Dupas, A., and Clet, M., et al., “Modeling of permafrost thickness during the late glacial stage in France: preliminary results”, Canadian J. Earth Sci. 31, 959–968 (1994).
- Nixon, J.F., “Thermal simulation of subsea saline permafrost”, Canad. J. Earth Sci. 23, 2039–2046 (1986).
- Sloan E.D. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases (NY: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1990).
References
- Arkhipov, S.A., Volkova, V.S., Zykin, V.S., “Calendar of biotic and abiotic events of the Late Cenozoic of Western Siberia”, Stratig. Geol. correlation 1 (6), 53–58 (1993) (in Russian).
- Astakhov, V.I., “On the Late Cenozoic history of the west of the Eurasian Arctic”, Bull. of St. Petersburg University, ser. 7 1, 3–20 (in Russian).
- Balobaev, V.T., Permafrost geothermy of the lithosphere of Northern Asia (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1991) (in Russian).
- Balobaev, V.T., Tetelbaum, A.S., Mordovsky, S.D., “2D numerical model of the hydrodynamic field under the permafrost zone with variations in its thickness”, Cryosphere of the Earth III (4), 48–53 (1999) (in Russian).
- Belokon-Karaseva, T.V., Bashkova, S.E., Belyaeva, G.L., et al., Oil and gas prospects of deep-seated sediments in the north of Western Siberia according to ultra-deep drilling data. 2006 (http://www.geolib.ru/OilGasGeo/2006/06/Stat/stat01.html) (in Russian).
- Belyaeva, G.L., Patterns of changes in the degree of catagenesis of OM in rocks of great depths in connection with the forecast of oil and gas content (using the example of deep and ultra-deep wells). PhD thesis abstract (Perm, 2005) (in Russian).
- Velichko, A.A. (ed.), Climate and landscape changes over the past 65 million years (Cenozoic: from Paleocene to Holocene) (Moscow: GEOS, 1999) (in Russian).
- Gavrilov, A.V., “Typification of the Arctic shelves according to the conditions of formation of frozen strata”, Cryosphere of the Earth XII (3), 69–79 (2008) (in Russian).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Modeling of sedimentary basins and assessment of their oil and gas potential (Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 2007) (in Russian).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., “Thermal history of the lithosphere of the Koltogorsk–Urengoy graben of the West Siberian basin in the area of the SG-6 well – numerical reconstruction using the GALO flat basin modeling system”, Physics of the Earth 4, 115–134 (2023) (in Russian).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Sitar, K.A., Frolov, S.V., “Formation and degradation of cryogenic strata in the Urengoy and Kuyumba areas of Siberia. Part 2. Influence of thermophysical parameters of frozen rocks on the temperature and heat flow distributions with depth in the sedimentary blanket”, Cryosphere of the Earth XVI (2), 23–29 (2012) (in Russian).
- Duchkov, A.D., Lysak, S.V., Balobaev, V.T., et al. Thermal field of Siberia (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987) (in Russian).
- Yershov, E.D. (ed.), Geocryology of the USSR: Western Siberia (Moscow: Nedra, 1989) (in Russian).
- Istomin, V.A., Yakushev, V.S., Gas hydrates in natural conditions (Moscow: Nedra, 1992) (in Russian).
- Kontorovich, A.E., Nesterov, I.I., Salmanov, F.K., et al. Geology of oil and gas of Western Siberia (Moscow: Nedra, 1975) (in Russian).
- Kravchenko, M.N., Resource potential of hydrocarbons of the Lower-Middle Jurassic and pre-Jurassic deep horizons of the sedimentary cover of the northern regions of the West Siberian oil and gas province. PhD thesis abstract (Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2012) (in Russian).
- Kudryavtsev, V.A., Permafrost studies (Moscow: Publishing house of Moscow Univ., 1981) (in Russian).
- Kudryavtsev, S.A., “Numerical studies of thermophysical processes in seasonally freezing soils”, Cryosphere of the Earth VII (4), 76–81 (2003) (in Russian).
- Kurchikov, A.R., Hydrogeological criteria for oil and gas potential (Moscow: Nedra, 1992) (in Russian).
- Myasnikova, G.P., Oxenoyd, E.E., “Some geological results of ultra-deep drilling in Western Siberia”, Oil and Gas 3, 13–19 (2012) (in Russian).
- Oblogov, G.E., Evolution of the permafrost of the coast and shelf of the Kara Sea in the Late Neopleistocene–Holocene. PhD thesis abstract (Tyumen, 2015) (in Russian).
- Polyakova, I.D., Bogoyavlensky, V.I., “The Bazhenov Formation as a source of industrial oils and fatty gases in the Tithonian–Neocomian deposits of the South Kara region”, Doklady Akademii Nauk 440 (1), 105–110 (2011) (in Russian).
- Predtechenskaya, E.A., Shiganova, O.V., Fomichev, A.S., “Catagenetic and hydrochemical anomalies in the Lower-Middle Jurassic oil and gas deposits of Western Siberia as indicators of fluid dynamic processes in zones of disjunctive disturbances”, Lithosphere 6, 54–65 (2009) (in Russian).
- Rosenbaum, G.E., Shpolyanskaya, N.A., Late Cenozoic history of the Arctic cryolithozone (Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 2000) (in Russian).
- Sigunov, Yu.A., Fartyshev, A.I., “Studies of the evolution of the permafrost zone of the Arctic shelf using mathematical modeling methods”, Geology and Geophysics 8, 24–31 (1991) (in Russian).
- Sigunov, Yu.A., Fartyshev, A.I., “Freezing and thawing of the East Arctic shelf in the Late Pleistocene (computational experiment)”, Geology and Geophysics 36 (9), 36–41 (1995) (in Russian).
- Fomin, A.N., Kontorovich, A.E., Krasavchikov, V.O., “Catagenesis of organic matter and prospects for oil and gas potential of Jurassic, Triassic and Paleozoic deposits in the northern regions of the West Siberian megabasin”, Geology and Geophysics 42 (11–12), 1875–1887 (2001) (in Russian).
- Fotiev, S.M., “Modern concepts of the evolution of cryogenic regions of Western and Eastern Siberia in the Pleistocene and Holocene (part 1)”, Cryosphere of the Earth IX (2), 3–22 (2005) (in Russian).
- Fotiev, S.M., “Modern concepts of the evolution of cryogenic regions of Western and Eastern Siberia in the Pleistocene and Holocene (part 2)”, Cryosphere of the Earth X (2), 3–26 (2006) (in Russian).
- Carslaw, H., Jaeger, J., Conduction of heat in solids, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959).
- Deming, D., Chapman, D.S., “Thermal histories and hydrocarbon generation: Example from Utah-Wyoming thrust belt”, AAPG Bull. 73 (12), 1455–1471 (1989).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., “Numerical simulation of permafrost evolution as a part of basin modeling: permafrost in Pliocene-Holocene climate history of Urengoy field in West Siberian basin”, Canad. J. Earth Science 34 (7), 935–948 (1997).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., “Thermal history of the permafrost zone in the vicinity of the deep Tyumen SG-6 well, West Siberian Basin”, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 134 (1), 108–121 (2023) (http://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2168).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Simonenkova O.I., and Lopatin N.V., “Thermal and maturity maturation modeling of the Urengoy field, West Siberian basin: some special considerations in basin modeling”, AAPG Bull. 83 (12), 1965–1979 (1999).
- Galushkin, Yu.I., Yakovlev, G.E., “Burial and thermal history of the West Bashkirian sedimentary basins”, Tectonophysics 379, 139–157 (2004).
- Jame, Y-W., Norum, D.I., “Heat and mass transfer in a freezing unsaturated porous medium”, Water resources research 16 (4), 811–819 (1980).
- Lachenbruch, A.H., Sass, J.H., Marshall, B.V., et al., “Permafrost, heat flow and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska”, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9301–9316 (1982).
- Lebret, P., Dupas, A., and Clet, M., et al., “Modeling of permafrost thickness during the late glacial stage in France: preliminary results”, Canadian J. Earth Sci. 31, 959–968 (1994).
- Nixon, J.F., “Thermal simulation of subsea saline permafrost”, Canad. J. Earth Sci. 23, 2039–2046 (1986).
- Sloan E.D. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases (NY: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1990).